Springboot+Nacos+Seata+Dubbo组成的微服务架构下，分布式事务解决方案

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-05 23:23:39 发布

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分类专栏： Nacos Seata dubbo 文章标签：分布式

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ssyujay/article/details/105671121

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1. 前言

分布式微服务架构越来越成熟，使得业务耦合度降低，提高系统的高可用性，分布式事务的重要性也显得尤为的重要，由于使用了Dubbo作为分布式服务架构，所以选用同样阿里系的Seata作为分布式事务，实践证明Seata还是很轻量化的，网上对于这块集成缺乏系统的资料，所以本文将系统的进行说明。

如果注册中心为Zookeeper：Springboot+Zookeeper+Seata+Dubbo组成的微服务架构下，分布式事务解决方案

2. Nacos

Nacos官网：https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/what-is-nacos.html

1）什么是Nacos?

Nacos 致力于帮助您发现、配置和管理微服务。Nacos 提供了一组简单易用的特性集，帮助您快速实现动态服务发现、服务配置、服务元数据及流量管理。

Nacos 帮助您更敏捷和容易地构建、交付和管理微服务平台。 Nacos 是构建以“服务”为中心的现代应用架构 (例如微服务范式、云原生范式) 的服务基础设施。

2）Nacos服务端部署

先下载Nacos服务：https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases

1、选择最新版本1.2.1，然后点击下载，并且解压。

2、进入conf目录，找到nacos-mysql.sql，然后在数据库中运行。

CREATE TABLE `permissions` (
    `role` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
    `resource` varchar(512) NOT NULL,
    `action` varchar(8) NOT NULL,
    UNIQUE INDEX `uk_role_permission` (`role`,`resource`,`action`) USING BTREE
);

如果在执行上面语句失败，把resource长度设置为250即可。

3、编辑application.properties文件，修改数据库用户名和密码。

server.contextPath=/nacos
server.servlet.contextPath=/nacos
server.port=8848

spring.datasource.platform=mysql
db.num=1
db.url.0=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/nacos?characterEncoding=utf8&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=3000&autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
db.user=root
db.password=yuyi

4、进入bin目录，双击startup.cmd即可启动Nacos系统。

5、浏览器上输入：http://localhost:8848/nacos/index.html，通过初始账号密码：nacos/nacos，即可进入系统。

3. Seata

Seata官网：https://seata.io/zh-cn/docs/overview/what-is-seata.html

1）什么是Seata?

Seata 是一款开源的分布式事务解决方案，致力于提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务。Seata 将为用户提供了 AT、TCC、SAGA 和 XA 事务模式，为用户打造一站式的分布式解决方案。

2）Seata服务端部署

先下载Seata服务：https://seata.io/zh-cn/blog/download.html

1、最新版本1.2.0，然后点击下载，并且解压。这里source和binary都要下载解压。

2、通过source下载得到seata-1.2.0.zip，解压。

3、进入目录\seata-1.2.0\script\server\db，根据不同的数据库进行sql语句执行。

4、进入目录\seata-1.2.0\script\config-center，修改config.txt文件。

这里需要修改存储模式为数据库模式store.mode=db，和修改数据库用户名密码store.db.user=xxx，store.db.password=xxx

transport.type=TCP
transport.server=NIO
transport.heartbeat=true
transport.enableClientBatchSendRequest=false
transport.threadFactory.bossThreadPrefix=NettyBoss
transport.threadFactory.workerThreadPrefix=NettyServerNIOWorker
transport.threadFactory.serverExecutorThreadPrefix=NettyServerBizHandler
transport.threadFactory.shareBossWorker=false
transport.threadFactory.clientSelectorThreadPrefix=NettyClientSelector
transport.threadFactory.clientSelectorThreadSize=1
transport.threadFactory.clientWorkerThreadPrefix=NettyClientWorkerThread
transport.threadFactory.bossThreadSize=1
transport.threadFactory.workerThreadSize=default
transport.shutdown.wait=3
service.vgroupMapping.my_test_tx_group=default
service.default.grouplist=127.0.0.1:8091
service.enableDegrade=false
service.disableGlobalTransaction=false
client.rm.asyncCommitBufferLimit=10000
client.rm.lock.retryInterval=10
client.rm.lock.retryTimes=30
client.rm.lock.retryPolicyBranchRollbackOnConflict=true
client.rm.reportRetryCount=5
client.rm.tableMetaCheckEnable=false
client.rm.sqlParserType=druid
client.rm.reportSuccessEnable=false
client.rm.sagaBranchRegisterEnable=false
client.tm.commitRetryCount=5
client.tm.rollbackRetryCount=5
store.mode=db
store.file.dir=file_store/data
store.file.maxBranchSessionSize=16384
store.file.maxGlobalSessionSize=512
store.file.fileWriteBufferCacheSize=16384
store.file.flushDiskMode=async
store.file.sessionReloadReadSize=100
store.db.datasource=druid
store.db.dbType=mysql
store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true
store.db.user=root
store.db.password=yuyi
store.db.minConn=5
store.db.maxConn=30
store.db.globalTable=global_table
store.db.branchTable=branch_table
store.db.queryLimit=100
store.db.lockTable=lock_table
store.db.maxWait=5000
server.recovery.committingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.asynCommittingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.rollbackingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.timeoutRetryPeriod=1000
server.maxCommitRetryTimeout=-1
server.maxRollbackRetryTimeout=-1
server.rollbackRetryTimeoutUnlockEnable=false
client.undo.dataValidation=true
client.undo.logSerialization=jackson
server.undo.logSaveDays=7
server.undo.logDeletePeriod=86400000
client.undo.logTable=undo_log
client.log.exceptionRate=100
transport.serialization=seata
transport.compressor=none
metrics.enabled=false
metrics.registryType=compact
metrics.exporterList=prometheus
metrics.exporterPrometheusPort=9898

5、进入目录\seata-1.2.0\script\config-center\nacos，发现windows下只能通过python把seata配置文件注册到Nacos。

6、下载Python服务：https://www.python.org/downloads/，选择相应版本下载，下载完成后，双击执行python-3.8.2.exe

Windows x86-64 executable installer

Windows

for AMD64/EM64T/x64

b5df1cbb2bc152cd70c3da9151cb510b

27586384

安装完成后，打开Cmd，执行python，如果出来版本号，安装成功。

7、再次进入目录\seata-1.2.0\script\config-center\nacos，然后打开Cmd，输入python nacos-config.py localhost:8848 -t public

如果出现init nacos config finished, please start seata-server.说明初始化Seata配置到Nacos成功。

8、通过binary下载得到seata-server-1.2.0.zip，解压。

9、进入conf目录，修改file.conf文件和registry.conf文件。

修改file.conf文件，修改mode为db，修改db的数据库账号密码。


## transaction log store, only used in seata-server
store {
  ## store mode: file、db
  mode = "db"

  ## file store property
  file {
    ## store location dir
    dir = "sessionStore"
    # branch session size , if exceeded first try compress lockkey, still exceeded throws exceptions
    maxBranchSessionSize = 16384
    # globe session size , if exceeded throws exceptions
    maxGlobalSessionSize = 512
    # file buffer size , if exceeded allocate new buffer
    fileWriteBufferCacheSize = 16384
    # when recover batch read size
    sessionReloadReadSize = 100
    # async, sync
    flushDiskMode = async
  }

  ## database store property
  db {
    ## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp) etc.
    datasource = "druid"
    ## mysql/oracle/postgresql/h2/oceanbase etc.
    dbType = "mysql"
    driverClassName = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
    url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata"
    user = "root"
    password = "yuyi"
    minConn = 5
    maxConn = 30
    globalTable = "global_table"
    branchTable = "branch_table"
    lockTable = "lock_table"
    queryLimit = 100
    maxWait = 5000
  }
}

修改registry.conf文件，type改为nacos

registry {
  # file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
  type = "nacos"

  nacos {
    application = "seata-server"
    serverAddr = "localhost"
    namespace = ""
    cluster = "default"
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  eureka {
    serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
    application = "default"
    weight = "1"
  }
  redis {
    serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
    db = 0
    password = ""
    cluster = "default"
    timeout = 0
  }
  zk {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    sessionTimeout = 6000
    connectTimeout = 2000
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  consul {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  }
  etcd3 {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  sofa {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
    application = "default"
    region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
    datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
    cluster = "default"
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    addressWaitTime = "3000"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}

config {
  # file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3
  type = "nacos"

  nacos {
    serverAddr = "localhost:8848"
    namespace = ""
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  consul {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  }
  apollo {
    appId = "seata-server"
    apolloMeta = "http://192.168.1.204:8801"
    namespace = "application"
  }
  zk {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    sessionTimeout = 6000
    connectTimeout = 2000
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  etcd3 {
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}

10、进入bin目录，双击seata-server.bat即可启动Seata服务。

4. 集成

1. Maven引入相应的Jar

<!-- dubbo-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
    <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
    <artifactId>dubbo-config-spring</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- seata-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
    <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- dubbo nacos -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId>
    <artifactId>dubbo-registry-nacos</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.nacos</groupId>
    <artifactId>nacos-client</artifactId>
</dependency>

3. 打开application.yml文件配置，配置Nacos作为为Dubbo注册中心。

dubbo:
  application: 
    name: ${spring.application.name}
  protocol:
    name: dubbo
    port: 20801
  registry:
    address: nacos://127.0.0.1:8848
  config-center:
    address: ${dubbo.registry.address}
  metadata-report:
    address: ${dubbo.registry.address}
  scan:
    basePackages: yui

3. 进入目录\seata-1.2.0\script\client\spring，复制application.yml中内容到项目中的application.yml中。

seata:
  enabled: true
  application-id: applicationName
  tx-service-group: my_test_tx_group
  enable-auto-data-source-proxy: true
  use-jdk-proxy: false
  excludes-for-auto-proxying: firstClassNameForExclude,secondClassNameForExclude
  client:
    rm:
      async-commit-buffer-limit: 1000
      report-retry-count: 5
      table-meta-check-enable: false
      report-success-enable: false
      saga-branch-register-enable: false
      lock:
        retry-interval: 10
        retry-times: 30
        retry-policy-branch-rollback-on-conflict: true
    tm:
      commit-retry-count: 5
      rollback-retry-count: 5
    undo:
      data-validation: true
      log-serialization: jackson
      log-table: undo_log
    log:
      exceptionRate: 100
  service:
    vgroup-mapping:
      my_test_tx_group: default
    grouplist:
      default: 127.0.0.1:8091
    enable-degrade: false
    disable-global-transaction: false
  transport:
    shutdown:
      wait: 3
    thread-factory:
      boss-thread-prefix: NettyBoss
      worker-thread-prefix: NettyServerNIOWorker
      server-executor-thread-prefix: NettyServerBizHandler
      share-boss-worker: false
      client-selector-thread-prefix: NettyClientSelector
      client-selector-thread-size: 1
      client-worker-thread-prefix: NettyClientWorkerThread
      worker-thread-size: default
      boss-thread-size: 1
    type: TCP
    server: NIO
    heartbeat: true
    serialization: seata
    compressor: none
    enable-client-batch-send-request: true
  config:
    type: nacos
    consul:
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8500
    apollo:
      apollo-meta: http://192.168.1.204:8801
      app-id: seata-server
      namespace: application
    etcd3:
      server-addr: http://localhost:2379
    nacos:
      namespace:
      serverAddr: localhost:8848
      group: SEATA_GROUP
      userName: ""
      password: ""
    zk:
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:2181
      session-timeout: 6000
      connect-timeout: 2000
      username: ""
      password: ""
  registry:
    type: nacos
    consul:
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8500
    etcd3:
      serverAddr: http://localhost:2379
    eureka:
      weight: 1
      service-url: http://localhost:8761/eureka
    nacos:
      application: seata-server
      server-addr: localhost:8848
      namespace:
      userName: ""
      password: ""
    redis:
      server-addr: localhost:6379
      db: 0
      password:
      timeout: 0
    sofa:
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:9603
      region: DEFAULT_ZONE
      datacenter: DefaultDataCenter
      group: SEATA_GROUP
      addressWaitTime: 3000
      application: default
    zk:
      server-addr: 127.0.0.1:2181
      session-timeout: 6000
      connect-timeout: 2000
      username: ""
      password: ""

5. 测试

本次测试需要至少启动两个服务，这里选用了yui3-system-provider和yui3-test-web服务

测试类TestEMgrImpl ，使用分布式事务，需要再方法上加入注解@GlobalTransactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)

@Slf4j
@Service
public class TestEMgrImpl extends BaseMgrImpl<TestEDao, TestEVo, TestEDto> 
        implements TestEMgr {

    @Reference
    private SysAdMgr sysAdMgr;
    
    @GlobalTransactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    @Override
    public void testSeata() {
        SysAdDto adDto = sysAdMgr.getById(4342213847225347L);
        adDto.getSysAdVo().setNm("seata test");
        sysAdMgr.update(adDto.getSysAdVo());
        
        TestEDto dto = getById(4635127064400896L);
        dto.getTestEVo().setA15("seata test");
        update(dto.getTestEVo());
        
        BssExpUtils.error("@GlobalTransactional test", log);
    }
}

1. 原先t_sys_ad表中数据为

2. 通过Debug调试模式进行测试，执行到BssExpUtils.error("@GlobalTransactional test", log)，再次查看t_sys_ad表中数据，发现表中数据已经被更新掉， t_test_e中表中的数据同样也被更新了。

3. 打开seata数据库中的branch_table中可以看到记录了需要回滚的数据。

4. 最后抛出错误，数据库数据回滚到1状态，说明分布式事务在发生错误后，对数据库进行了反向操作。

6. 总结

Nacos和Seata都在迭代更新当中，不同的版本差异明显。

Nacos作为注册中心，比zookeeper功能要强大，但是相关的几张表表名没有统一的前缀，如果更业务数据库表放在一起，会显得很杂乱，不太友好。

Seata作为分布式事务还是比较轻量化，耦合性低的特点，表名可以自行定义比较友好。

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Springboot+Nacos+Seata+Dubbo组成的微服务架构下，分布式事务解决方案

1. 前言分布式微服务架构越来越成熟，使得业务耦合度降低，提高系统的高可用性，分布式事务的重要性也显得尤为的重要，由于使用了Dubbo作为分布式服务架构，所以选用同样阿里系的Seata作为分布式事务，实践证明Seata还是很轻量化的，网上对于这块集成缺乏系统的资料，所以本文将系统的进行说明。2. Nacos Nacos官网：https://nacos.io/zh-cn/d...
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