public class ParamTest { public static void main(String[] args){ /** * Test 1: Methods can't modify numeric parameters */ System.out.println("Testing tripleValue:"); double percent = 10; System.out.println("Before: percent=" + percent); tripleValue(percent); System.out.println("After: percent=" + percent); /** * Test 2: Methods can change the state of object parameters */ System.out.println("\nTesting tripleSalary:"); Employee harry = new Employee("Harry", 50000); System.out.println("Before: salary=" + harry.getSalary()); tripleSalary(harry); System.out.println("After: salary=" + harry.getSalary()); /** * Test 3: Methods can't attach new objects to object parameters */ System.out.println("\nTesting swap:"); Employee a = new Employee("Alice", 70000); Employee b = new Employee("Bob", 60000); System.out.println("Before: a=" + a.getName()); System.out.println("Before: b=" + b.getName()); swap(a, b); System.out.println("After: a=" + a.getName()); System.out.println("After: b=" + b.getName()); } private static void swap(Employee x, Employee y) { Employee temp = x; x=y; y=temp; System.out.println("End of method: x=" + x.getName()); System.out.println("End of method: y=" + y.getName()); } private static void tripleSalary(Employee x) { x.raiseSalary(200); System.out.println("End of method: salary=" + x.getSalary()); } private static void tripleValue(double x) { x=3*x; System.out.println("End of Method X= "+x); } }
显示结果:
Testing tripleValue:
Before: percent=10.0
End of Method X=30.0
After: percent=10.0
Testing tripleSalary:
Before: salary=50000.0
End of method: salary=150000.0
After: salary=150000.0
Testing swap:
Before: a=Alice
Before: b=Bob
End of method: x=Bob //可见引用的副本进行了交换
End of method: y=Alice
After: a=Alice //引用本身没有交换
After: b=Bob