层次思想----C Programming Tutorial 4th Edition (K&R version)

阅读Mark Burgess写的C Programming Tutorial, 印象最深的是其开篇讲到的程序设计思想，代码写的越多，感触越深，现尝试翻译开篇一段：

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Any kind of object that is sufficiently complicated can be thought of as having levels of detail; the amount of detail we see depends upon how closely we scrutinize it. A computer falls definitely into the category of complex objects and it can be thought of as working at many different levels. The terms low level and high level are often used to describe these onion-layers of complexity in computers. Low level is perhaps the easiest to understand: it describes a level of detail which is buried down amongst the working parts of the machine: the low level is the level at which the computer seems most primitive and machine-like. A higher level describes the same object, but with the detail left out. Imagine stepping back from the complexity of the machine level pieces and grouping together parts which work together, then covering up all the details. (For instance, in a car, a group of nuts, bolts, pistons can be grouped together to make up a new basic object: an engine.) At a high level a computer becomes a group of black boxes which can then
be thought of as the basic components of the computer.

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任何足够复杂的对象都有不同层次的细节；细节的数量取决于我们观察的仔细程度。电脑可以被归类于复杂对象，工作于不同的层次上。名词低层次和高层次通常被用于描述电脑的不同复杂层面。低层次可能易于理解：它描述了机器工作的细节部分：在低层次上，电脑表现得更原始，更机械。高层次描述了同样的对象，但是把细节放在一边。想象退回到机械零件层次的复杂度，把它们组装在一起工作，并把它们覆盖起来。（例如，在一辆车里，螺丝、螺帽和活塞组成了新的基本对象：引擎）在高层次上，电脑可以被看成多个黑盒零件的组成的。