【转】 【SQL】行列转换

【SQL】行列转换

http://space.itpub.net/519536/viewspace-609167

 

一、列变行
1.创建测试表test，并初始化实验数据
sec@ora10g> create table test (name_id varchar2(10), name varchar2(10));
sec@ora10g> insert into test values ('01','Andy1');
sec@ora10g> insert into test values ('01','Andy2');
sec@ora10g> insert into test values ('01','Andy3');
sec@ora10g> insert into test values ('01','Andy4');
sec@ora10g> insert into test values ('02','Steven1');
sec@ora10g> insert into test values ('02','Steven2');
sec@ora10g> insert into test values ('02','Steven3');
sec@ora10g> insert into test values ('02','Steven4');
sec@ora10g> commit;

2.查看测试表数据
sec@ora10g> select * from test order by name_id;

NAME_ID    NAME
---------- ----------------------------------------
01         Andy1
01         Andy4
01         Andy3
01         Andy2
02         Steven1
02         Steven4
02         Steven3
02         Steven2

8 rows selected.

3.我们按照name_id不同值将该表横向转换如下
SELECT     t1.name_id,
           SUBSTR (MAX (SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH (t1.NAME, ';')), 2) NAME
      FROM (SELECT a.name_id, a.NAME,
                   ROW_NUMBER () OVER (PARTITION BY a.name_id ORDER BY a.NAME) rn
              FROM TEST a) t1
START WITH t1.rn = 1
CONNECT BY t1.name_id = PRIOR t1.name_id AND t1.rn - 1 = PRIOR t1.rn
  GROUP BY t1.name_id;

NAME_ID    NAME
---------- ----------------------------------------
01         Andy1;Andy2;Andy3;Andy4
02         Steven1;Steven2;Steven3;Steven4

该条SQL语句的编写思想是：
1）根据分组后的行号，构造一棵树（或者多棵）。
2）把从根到叶子的值串接起来。


二、行变列
1.重新构造测试表test，并初始化实验数据
sec@ora10g> drop table test purge;
sec@ora10g> create table test (name_id varchar2(10), name varchar2(40));
sec@ora10g> insert into test values ('01','Andy1;Andy2;Andy3;Andy4');
sec@ora10g> insert into test values ('02','Steven1;Steven2;Steven3;Steven4');
sec@ora10g> commit;

2.查看测试表数据
sec@ora10g> select * from test;

NAME_ID    NAME
---------- ----------------------------------------
01         Andy1;Andy2;Andy3;Andy4
02         Steven1;Steven2;Steven3;Steven4

3.行变列转换的SQL语句如下
SELECT   t.name_id,
         SUBSTR (t.name,
                 INSTR (';' || t.name, ';', 1, rn),
                   INSTR (t.name || ';', ';', 1, rn)
                 - INSTR (';' || t.name, ';', 1, rn)
                ) name
    FROM (SELECT a.name_id, a.name, b.rn
            FROM test a,
                 (SELECT     ROWNUM rn
                        FROM DUAL
                  CONNECT BY ROWNUM <= 100) b
           WHERE INSTR (';' || a.name, ';', 1, rn) > 0) t
ORDER BY 1, 2;

NAME_ID    NAME
---------- ----------------------------------------
01         Andy1
01         Andy2
01         Andy3
01         Andy4
02         Steven1
02         Steven2
02         Steven3
02         Steven4

8 rows selected.

该条SQL语句的编写思想
1）构造虚拟表把源数据的行数增加
2）根据行号选择显示字段的不同部分

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