系出名门Android(4) - 活动(Activity), 服务(Service), 广播(Broadcast), 广播接收器(BroadcastReceiver)
作者: webabcd
介绍
在 Android 中使用 Activity, Service, Broadcast, BroadcastReceiver
- 活动(Activity) - 用于表现功能
- 服务(Service) - 相当于后台运行的 Activity
- 广播(Broadcast) - 用于发送广播
- 广播接收器(BroadcastReceiver) - 用于接收广播
- Intent - 用于连接以上各个组件,并在其间传递消息
1、演示 Activity 的基本用法,一个 Activity 启动另一个 Activity,启动另一个 Activity 时为其传递参数,被启动的 Activity 返回参数给启动者的 Activity
Main.java
代码
package
com.webabcd.activity;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class Main extends Activity {
TextView txt;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
this .setContentView(R.layout.main);
txt = (TextView) this .findViewById(R.id.txt);
txt.setText( " Activity 1 " );
Button btn = (Button) this .findViewById(R.id.btn);
btn.setText( " 启动另一个Activity " );
btn.setOnClickListener( new Button.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 实例化 Intent,指定需要启动的 Activity
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setClass(Main. this , MyActivity. class );
// 实例化 Bundle,设置需要传递的参数
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString( " name " , " webabcd " );
bundle.putDouble( " salary " , 100.13 );
// 将需要传递的参数赋值给 Intent 对象
intent.putExtras(bundle);
// startActivity(intent); // 启动指定的 Intent(不等待返回结果)
// Main.this.finish();
// 启动指定的 Intent,并等待返回结果
// 其中第二个参数如果大于等于零,则返回结果时会回调 onActivityResult() 方法
startActivityForResult(intent, 0 );
}
});
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onCreate " );
}
// 被启动的 Activity 返回结果时的回调函数
@Override
protected void onActivityResult( int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK){
Bundle bundle = data.getExtras();
String name = bundle.getString( " name " );
double salary = bundle.getDouble( " salary " );
txt.setText( " Activity 1 " + " \n名字: " + name + " \n薪水: " + String.valueOf(salary));
}
}
@Override
protected void onStart() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onStart();
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onStart " );
}
@Override
protected void onStop() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onStop();
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onStop " );
}
@Override
protected void onRestart() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onRestart();
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onRestart " );
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onPause();
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onPause " );
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onResume();
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onResume " );
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onDestroy();
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onDestroy " );
}
}
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class Main extends Activity {
TextView txt;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
this .setContentView(R.layout.main);
txt = (TextView) this .findViewById(R.id.txt);
txt.setText( " Activity 1 " );
Button btn = (Button) this .findViewById(R.id.btn);
btn.setText( " 启动另一个Activity " );
btn.setOnClickListener( new Button.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 实例化 Intent,指定需要启动的 Activity
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setClass(Main. this , MyActivity. class );
// 实例化 Bundle,设置需要传递的参数
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString( " name " , " webabcd " );
bundle.putDouble( " salary " , 100.13 );
// 将需要传递的参数赋值给 Intent 对象
intent.putExtras(bundle);
// startActivity(intent); // 启动指定的 Intent(不等待返回结果)
// Main.this.finish();
// 启动指定的 Intent,并等待返回结果
// 其中第二个参数如果大于等于零,则返回结果时会回调 onActivityResult() 方法
startActivityForResult(intent, 0 );
}
});
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onCreate " );
}
// 被启动的 Activity 返回结果时的回调函数
@Override
protected void onActivityResult( int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK){
Bundle bundle = data.getExtras();
String name = bundle.getString( " name " );
double salary = bundle.getDouble( " salary " );
txt.setText( " Activity 1 " + " \n名字: " + name + " \n薪水: " + String.valueOf(salary));
}
}
@Override
protected void onStart() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onStart();
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onStart " );
}
@Override
protected void onStop() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onStop();
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onStop " );
}
@Override
protected void onRestart() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onRestart();
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onRestart " );
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onPause();
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onPause " );
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onResume();
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onResume " );
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onDestroy();
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onDestroy " );
}
}
MyActivity.java
代码
package
com.webabcd.activity;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
// 被另一个 Activity 所启动的 Activity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
Intent intent;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
this .setContentView(R.layout.main2);
// 获取启动者传递过来的参数
intent = this .getIntent();
Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
String name = bundle.getString( " name " );
double salary = bundle.getDouble( " salary " );
TextView txt = (TextView) this .findViewById(R.id.txt);
txt.setText( " Activity 2 " + " \n名字: " + name + " \n薪水: " + String.valueOf(salary));
Button btn = (Button) this .findViewById(R.id.btn);
btn.setText( " 返回前一个Activity " );
btn.setOnClickListener( new Button.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
// 返回参数给启动者
MyActivity. this .setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, intent);
MyActivity. this .finish();
}
});
}
}
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
// 被另一个 Activity 所启动的 Activity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {
Intent intent;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
this .setContentView(R.layout.main2);
// 获取启动者传递过来的参数
intent = this .getIntent();
Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
String name = bundle.getString( " name " );
double salary = bundle.getDouble( " salary " );
TextView txt = (TextView) this .findViewById(R.id.txt);
txt.setText( " Activity 2 " + " \n名字: " + name + " \n薪水: " + String.valueOf(salary));
Button btn = (Button) this .findViewById(R.id.btn);
btn.setText( " 返回前一个Activity " );
btn.setOnClickListener( new Button.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
// 返回参数给启动者
MyActivity. this .setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, intent);
MyActivity. this .finish();
}
});
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/81178cc93a2a3bb5048d90d76e7ec935.gif)
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"
?>
< manifest xmlns:android ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package ="com.webabcd.activity" android:versionCode ="1"
android:versionName ="1.0" >
< application android:icon ="@drawable/icon" android:label ="@string/app_name" >
< activity android:name =".Main" android:label ="@string/app_name" >
< intent-filter >
< action android:name ="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
< category android:name ="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</ intent-filter >
</ activity >
<!--
如果有需要用到的 Activity ,则都要在这里做相应的配置
-->
< activity android:name =".MyActivity" android:label ="Activity 2" />
</ application >
< uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion ="3" />
</ manifest >
< manifest xmlns:android ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package ="com.webabcd.activity" android:versionCode ="1"
android:versionName ="1.0" >
< application android:icon ="@drawable/icon" android:label ="@string/app_name" >
< activity android:name =".Main" android:label ="@string/app_name" >
< intent-filter >
< action android:name ="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
< category android:name ="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</ intent-filter >
</ activity >
<!--
如果有需要用到的 Activity ,则都要在这里做相应的配置
-->
< activity android:name =".MyActivity" android:label ="Activity 2" />
</ application >
< uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion ="3" />
</ manifest >
2、Service, Broadcast, BroadcastReceiver 的演示
Main.java
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/81178cc93a2a3bb5048d90d76e7ec935.gif)
package
com.webabcd.service;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.TextView;
/*
* startService() 和 bindService() 的区别
* startService() - 正常理解就好
* bindService() - 使当前上下文对象(本例中就是 Activity)通过一个 ServiceConnection 对象邦定到指定的 Service 。这样,如果上下文对象销毁了的话,那么其对应的 Service 也会被销毁
*/
public class Main extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private TextView txtMsg;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
setTitle( " android 之 service " );
this .findViewById(R.id.btnStart).setOnClickListener( this );
this .findViewById(R.id.btnStop).setOnClickListener( this );
this .findViewById(R.id.btnBind).setOnClickListener( this );
this .findViewById(R.id.btnUnbind).setOnClickListener( this );
txtMsg = (TextView) this .findViewById(R.id.txtMsg);
// 实例化自定义的 BroadcastReceiver
receiver = new UpdateReceiver();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
// 为 BroadcastReceiver 指定 action ,使之用于接收同 action 的广播
filter.addAction( " com.webabcd.service.msg " );
// 以编程方式注册 BroadcastReceiver 。配置方式注册 BroadcastReceiver 的例子见 AndroidManifest.xml 文件
// 一般在 OnStart 时注册,在 OnStop 时取消注册
this .registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
// this.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent(Main. this , MyService. class );
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btnStart:
this .startService(intent);
break ;
case R.id.btnStop:
this .stopService(intent);
break ;
case R.id.btnBind:
this .bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
break ;
case R.id.btnUnbind:
this .unbindService(conn);
break ;
}
}
// bindService() 所需的 ServiceConnection 对象
private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
}
};
private String msg = "" ;
private UpdateReceiver receiver;
// 实现一个 BroadcastReceiver,用于接收指定的 Broadcast
public class UpdateReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
msg = intent.getStringExtra( " msg " );
txtMsg.append(msg + " \n " );
}
}
}
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.TextView;
/*
* startService() 和 bindService() 的区别
* startService() - 正常理解就好
* bindService() - 使当前上下文对象(本例中就是 Activity)通过一个 ServiceConnection 对象邦定到指定的 Service 。这样,如果上下文对象销毁了的话,那么其对应的 Service 也会被销毁
*/
public class Main extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private TextView txtMsg;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
setTitle( " android 之 service " );
this .findViewById(R.id.btnStart).setOnClickListener( this );
this .findViewById(R.id.btnStop).setOnClickListener( this );
this .findViewById(R.id.btnBind).setOnClickListener( this );
this .findViewById(R.id.btnUnbind).setOnClickListener( this );
txtMsg = (TextView) this .findViewById(R.id.txtMsg);
// 实例化自定义的 BroadcastReceiver
receiver = new UpdateReceiver();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
// 为 BroadcastReceiver 指定 action ,使之用于接收同 action 的广播
filter.addAction( " com.webabcd.service.msg " );
// 以编程方式注册 BroadcastReceiver 。配置方式注册 BroadcastReceiver 的例子见 AndroidManifest.xml 文件
// 一般在 OnStart 时注册,在 OnStop 时取消注册
this .registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
// this.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent(Main. this , MyService. class );
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btnStart:
this .startService(intent);
break ;
case R.id.btnStop:
this .stopService(intent);
break ;
case R.id.btnBind:
this .bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
break ;
case R.id.btnUnbind:
this .unbindService(conn);
break ;
}
}
// bindService() 所需的 ServiceConnection 对象
private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
}
};
private String msg = "" ;
private UpdateReceiver receiver;
// 实现一个 BroadcastReceiver,用于接收指定的 Broadcast
public class UpdateReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
msg = intent.getStringExtra( " msg " );
txtMsg.append(msg + " \n " );
}
}
}
MyService.java
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/81178cc93a2a3bb5048d90d76e7ec935.gif)
package
com.webabcd.service;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
// 演示 Service 的生命周期。具体信息运行程序后在 LogCat 中查看
public class MyService extends Service {
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onBind " );
sendMsg( " onBind " );
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null ;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onCreate();
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onCreate " );
sendMsg( " onCreate " );
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onDestroy();
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onDestroy " );
sendMsg( " onDestroy " );
}
@Override
public void onRebind(Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onRebind(intent);
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onRebind " );
sendMsg( " onRebind " );
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
super .onStart(intent, startId);
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onStart " );
sendMsg( " onStart " );
}
@Override
public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onUnbind " );
sendMsg( " onUnbind " );
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return super .onUnbind(intent);
}
// 发送广播信息
private void sendMsg(String msg){
// 指定广播目标的 action (注:指定了此 action 的 receiver 会接收此广播)
Intent intent = new Intent( " com.webabcd.service.msg " );
// 需要传递的参数
intent.putExtra( " msg " , msg);
// 发送广播
this .sendBroadcast(intent);
}
}
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
// 演示 Service 的生命周期。具体信息运行程序后在 LogCat 中查看
public class MyService extends Service {
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onBind " );
sendMsg( " onBind " );
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null ;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onCreate();
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onCreate " );
sendMsg( " onCreate " );
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onDestroy();
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onDestroy " );
sendMsg( " onDestroy " );
}
@Override
public void onRebind(Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onRebind(intent);
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onRebind " );
sendMsg( " onRebind " );
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
super .onStart(intent, startId);
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onStart " );
sendMsg( " onStart " );
}
@Override
public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onUnbind " );
sendMsg( " onUnbind " );
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return super .onUnbind(intent);
}
// 发送广播信息
private void sendMsg(String msg){
// 指定广播目标的 action (注:指定了此 action 的 receiver 会接收此广播)
Intent intent = new Intent( " com.webabcd.service.msg " );
// 需要传递的参数
intent.putExtra( " msg " , msg);
// 发送广播
this .sendBroadcast(intent);
}
}
MyBootReceiver.java
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/81178cc93a2a3bb5048d90d76e7ec935.gif)
package
com.webabcd.service;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
public class MyBootReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
// 用于接收满足条件的 Broadcast(相应的 Broadcast 的注册信息详见 AndroidManifest.xml ,当系统启动完毕后会调用这个广播接收器)
@Override
public void onReceive(Context arg0, Intent arg1) {
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onReceive " );
// 启动服务
Intent service = new Intent(arg0, MyService. class );
arg0.startService(service);
}
}
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
public class MyBootReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
// 用于接收满足条件的 Broadcast(相应的 Broadcast 的注册信息详见 AndroidManifest.xml ,当系统启动完毕后会调用这个广播接收器)
@Override
public void onReceive(Context arg0, Intent arg1) {
Log.d( " MyDebug " , " onReceive " );
// 启动服务
Intent service = new Intent(arg0, MyService. class );
arg0.startService(service);
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/81178cc93a2a3bb5048d90d76e7ec935.gif)
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"
?>
< manifest xmlns:android ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package ="com.webabcd.service" android:versionCode ="1"
android:versionName ="1.0" >
< application android:icon ="@drawable/icon" android:label ="@string/app_name" >
< activity android:name =".Main" android:label ="@string/app_name" >
< intent-filter >
< action android:name ="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
< category android:name ="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</ intent-filter >
</ activity >
<!--
如果有需要用到的 service ,则都要在这里做相应的配置
-->
< service android:name =".MyService" ></ service >
<!--
注册一个 BroadcastReceiver
其 intent-filter 为 android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED(用于接收系统启动完毕的 Broadcast)
-->
< receiver android:name =".MyBootReceiver" >
< intent-filter >
< action android:name ="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
</ intent-filter >
</ receiver >
</ application >
<!--
接受系统启动完毕的 Broadcast 的权限
-->
< uses-permission android:name ="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
< uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion ="3" />
</ manifest >
< manifest xmlns:android ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package ="com.webabcd.service" android:versionCode ="1"
android:versionName ="1.0" >
< application android:icon ="@drawable/icon" android:label ="@string/app_name" >
< activity android:name =".Main" android:label ="@string/app_name" >
< intent-filter >
< action android:name ="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
< category android:name ="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</ intent-filter >
</ activity >
<!--
如果有需要用到的 service ,则都要在这里做相应的配置
-->
< service android:name =".MyService" ></ service >
<!--
注册一个 BroadcastReceiver
其 intent-filter 为 android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED(用于接收系统启动完毕的 Broadcast)
-->
< receiver android:name =".MyBootReceiver" >
< intent-filter >
< action android:name ="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
</ intent-filter >
</ receiver >
</ application >
<!--
接受系统启动完毕的 Broadcast 的权限
-->
< uses-permission android:name ="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
< uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion ="3" />
</ manifest >