我在很久之前就开始用程序自动化Shell窗口——主要对象是IE窗口。有时浏览器控件或者MFC类CHTMLView可以满足我的需要,但是很多时候我需要从头嵌入浏览器控件并且尽可能模拟IE的行为,例如实现IDocHostUIHandler来启用自动完成功能。一个很自然的替代方案是直接操作IE窗口。
创建新的Internet Explorer窗口
最简单的方法是调用Windows API ShellExecute (Ex),Paul DiLascia在他的C++ Q&A专栏文章"Browser Detection Revisited, Toolbar Info, IUnknown with COM and MFC"里面有一段示例代码:
/**/
/// As I've shown in many programs...
ShellExecute(
0
, _T(
"
open
"
), pszMyHTMLFile,
0
,
0
, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
但是,这样没法控制新的窗口,而且在用户关闭程序之后会留下一个IE窗口。为了扫我自己的门前雪,我需要找到我创建的窗口,并且控制它。
我的下一个尝试是创建和控制一个InternetExplorer对象,并且在必要时关掉它。微软知识库中有这么一篇文章"How To Automate Internet Explorer to POST Form Data" 基本上描述的就是我想要的,除了最后的关闭窗口。嗯,简单的调用IWebBrowser2::Quit就可以做到这一点
//
create a new IE instance and show it
//
CComQIPtr m_pWebBrowser2;
m_pWebBrowser2.CoCreateInstance(CLSID_InternetExplorer);
HRESULT hr;
hr
=
m_pWebBrowser2
->
put_StatusBar(VARIANT_TRUE);
hr
=
m_pWebBrowser2
->
put_ToolBar(VARIANT_TRUE);
hr
=
m_pWebBrowser2
->
put_MenuBar(VARIANT_TRUE);
hr
=
m_pWebBrowser2
->
put_Visible(VARIANT_TRUE);
if
(
!
::PathIsURL(m_strFileToFind))
m_strFileToFind
=
_T(
"
http://blog.joycode.com/jiangsheng
"
);
COleVariant vaURL( ( LPCTSTR) m_strFileToFind);
m_pWebBrowser2
->
Navigate2(
&
vaURL, COleVariant( (
long
)
0
, VT_I4),
COleVariant((LPCTSTR)NULL, VT_BSTR),
COleSafeArray(),
COleVariant((LPCTSTR)NULL, VT_BSTR)
);
void
CAutomationDlg::OnDestroy()
![](http://blog.joycode.com/images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
...
{
//close the IE window created by this program before exit
if(m_pWebBrowser2)
![](http://blog.joycode.com/images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
...{
if(m_bOwnIE)
![](http://blog.joycode.com/images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
...{
m_pWebBrowser2->Quit();
m_bOwnIE=FALSE;
}
UnadvisesinkIE();
m_pWebBrowser2=(LPUNKNOWN)NULL;
}
CDialog::OnDestroy();
}
还有一个问题。要是用户在我的WM_TIMER处理函数中操作窗口之前关掉了新的IE窗口怎么办?可以IWebBrowser2接口控制的IE对象现在不再存在了。幸亏微软考虑到了这一点,程序不会崩溃,但是最好还是能够知道什么时候它会关闭,这样我可以避免意外发生。
处理Internet Explorer的事件
Internet Explorer对象在退出时会触发DWebBrowserEvents2::OnQuit事件。这是一个理想的释放控制的时机。因为对象要被销毁,所以我同时也停止监视对象的事件
连接到当前的Internet Explorer窗口if (m_pWebBrowser2)
... {
UnadvisesinkIE();
m_pWebBrowser2=(LPUNKNOWN)NULL;
}
![]()
虽然我不在乎我会控制到哪个IE窗口,但是既然微软知识库里面有"如何连接到一个Internet Explorer的实例"这样一篇文章,我假定一些人会觉得"如何连接到当前的Internet Explorer实例"这样一篇文章比较有用.
这样的话,什么是“当前的Internet Explorer实例”?实际上,它就是最后一个活动的IE窗口。因为Windows会把活动的窗口移动到z-order的顶部,所以它会保留在所有IE窗口的z-order的最高处。因此我需要做的就是找到哪个IE窗口具有最高的z-order值。这样我需要先判断哪个窗口是IE窗口。在一些和Spy++有关的调查之后,我假定IE窗口具有一个共同的窗口类"IEFrame",然后编写了一个函数来获得Shell窗口的窗口类:
剩下的问题就很简单了:沿Z轴枚举顶层窗口,找到第一个Shell窗口列表中的具有窗口类"IEFrame"的第一个实例。之后我操作了一下IE的DHTML文档对象模型(也称为DOM,它只在IE窗口触发最后一个DocumentComplete事件只后有效)来确认成功连接到窗口。// shell windows object will list both IE and Explorer windows
// use their window class names to identify them.
CString CAutomationDlg::GetWindowClassName(IWebBrowser2 * pwb)
... {
TCHAR szClassName[_MAX_PATH];
ZeroMemory( szClassName, _MAX_PATH * sizeof( TCHAR));
HWND hwnd=NULL;
if (pwb)
...{
LONG_PTR lwnd=NULL;
pwb->get_HWND(&lwnd);
hwnd=reinterpret_cast(lwnd);
::GetClassName( hwnd, szClassName, _MAX_PATH);
}
return szClassName;
}
![]()
现在控制的窗口和IE打开文件时选择的一样了。void CAutomationDlg::DocumentComplete(IDispatch * pDisp, VARIANT * URL)
... {
//HTML DOM is available AFTER the DocumentComplete event is fired.
//For more information, please visit KB article
//"How To Determine When a Page Is Done Loading in WebBrowser Control"
//http://support.microsoft.com/kb/q180366/
CComQIPtr pWBUK(m_pWebBrowser2);
CComQIPtr pSenderUK( pDisp);
USES_CONVERSION;
TRACE( _T( "Page downloading complete:/r/n"));
CComBSTR bstrName;
m_pWebBrowser2->get_LocationName(&bstrName);
CComBSTR bstrURL;
m_pWebBrowser2->get_LocationURL(&bstrURL);
TRACE( _T( "Name:[ %s ]/r/nURL: [ %s ]/r/n"),
OLE2T(bstrName),
OLE2T(bstrURL));
if (pWBUK== pSenderUK)
...{
CComQIPtr pHTMLDocDisp;
m_pWebBrowser2->get_Document(&pHTMLDocDisp);
CComQIPtr pHTMLDoc(pHTMLDocDisp);
CComQIPtr ecAll;
CComPtr pTagLineDisp;
if(pHTMLDoc)
...{
CComBSTR bstrNewTitle(_T("Sheng Jiang's Automation Test"));
pHTMLDoc->put_title(bstrNewTitle);
pHTMLDoc->get_all(&ecAll);
}
if(ecAll)
...{
ecAll->item(COleVariant(_T("tagline")),COleVariant((long)0),&pTagLineDisp);
}
CComQIPtr eTagLine(pTagLineDisp);
if(eTagLine)
...{
eTagLine->put_innerText(
CComBSTR(_T("Command what is yours, conquer what is not. --Kane")));
}
}
}
![]()
副产品: 连接到当前的Windows Explorer窗口
在研究ShellWindows对象的shell窗口列表时,我获得一个副产品:看起来Windows Explorer窗口也有共同的窗口类名。这样同样的机制在把窗口类从"IEFrame"改成"ExploreWClass"之后对Windows Explorer窗口也适用。因为没有DHTML DOM可供操作,我通知Windows Explorer 窗口打开一个现存路径,来标志我接管了这个窗口。
这代码有点长,因为我想区别对待文件和文件夹。如果你调用IShellBrowser::BrowseObject并且给这个方法传递一个文件pidl,那么Windows Explorer会提示你是否打开这个文件,就像在资源管理器的地址栏中输入路径之后按回车一样。我想模拟"Explorer.exe /select"的行为,在文件夹视图中选择指定的文件,所以我在DocumentComplete事件处理函数中加入了一些代码:// show the folder bar
COleVariant clsIDFolderBar(_T( " {EFA24E64-B078-11d0-89E4-00C04FC9E26E} " ));
COleVariant FolderBarShow(VARIANT_TRUE,VT_BOOL);
COleVariant dummy;
if (m_pWebBrowser2)
m_pWebBrowser2 -> ShowBrowserBar( & clsIDFolderBar, & FolderBarShow, & dummy);
// browse to a given folder
CComQIPtr psp(m_pWebBrowser2);
CComPtr psb;
if (psp)
psp -> QueryService(SID_STopLevelBrowser,IID_IShellBrowser,(LPVOID * ) & psb);
if (psb)
... {
USES_CONVERSION;
LPITEMIDLIST pidl=NULL;
SFGAOF sfgao;
SHParseDisplayName (T2OLE(m_strFileToFind),NULL,&pidl,0, &sfgao);
if(pidl==NULL)
::SHGetSpecialFolderLocation(m_hWnd,CSIDL_DRIVES,&pidl);
m_pidlToNavigate=NULL;
if(pidl)
...{
//if the start address is a folder, then browse it.
//otherwise browse to its parent folder, and select it in the folder view.
LPCITEMIDLIST pidlChild=NULL;
CComPtr psf;
HRESULT hr = SHBindToParent(pidl, IID_IShellFolder, (LPVOID*)&psf, &pidlChild);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))...{
SFGAOF rgfInOut=SFGAO_FOLDER;
hr=psf->GetAttributesOf(1,&pidlChild,&rgfInOut);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))...{
m_pidlToNavigate=ILClone(pidl);
if(rgfInOut&SFGAO_FOLDER)...{//this is a folder
psb->BrowseObject(pidl,SBSP_SAMEBROWSER);
}
else
...{
//this is a file, browse to the parent folder
LPITEMIDLIST pidlParent=ILClone(pidl);
::ILRemoveLastID(pidlParent);
psb->BrowseObject( pidlParent, SBSP_SAMEBROWSER);
ILFree(pidlParent);
}
}
}
//clean up
ILFree(pidl);
}
} :
![]()
创建Explorer窗口if (m_pidlToNavigate)
... {
//If the start address is a file, browse to the parent folder
//and then select it
CComQIPtr psp(m_pWebBrowser2);
CComPtr psb;
CComPtr psv;
if(psp)
psp->QueryService(SID_STopLevelBrowser,IID_IShellBrowser,(LPVOID*)&psb);
if(psb)
psb->QueryActiveShellView(&psv);
if(psv)
...{
LPCITEMIDLIST pidlChild=NULL;
CComPtr psf;
SFGAOF rgfInOut=SHCIDS_ALLFIELDS;
HRESULT hr = SHBindToParent(m_pidlToNavigate, IID_IShellFolder, (LPVOID*)&psf, &pidlChild);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))...{
hr=psf->GetAttributesOf(1,&pidlChild,&rgfInOut);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))...{
if((rgfInOut&SFGAO_FOLDER)==0)...{
//a file, select it
hr=psv->SelectItem(ILFindLastID(m_pidlToNavigate)
,SVSI_SELECT|SVSI_ENSUREVISIBLE|SVSI_FOCUSED|
SVSI_POSITIONITEM);
}
}
}
}
//clean up
ILFree(m_pidlToNavigate);
m_pidlToNavigate=NULL;
}
![]()
解决了这么多问题,可以衣锦还乡了。既然我可以以和当前的Internet Explorer窗口基本相同的方式连接到当前的Windows Explorer窗口,那么我是否可以以和创建Internet Explorer窗口基本相同的方式创建Windows Explorer窗口?遗憾的是,这不可行。不存在Windows Explorer对应的类ID来创建一个COM对象。虽然我仍旧可以创建IE窗口,浏览到文件夹,显示文件夹侧边栏,使得它看起来就像一个Windows Explorer窗口,但是我不能改变窗口类"IEFrame",因此较难把它和其他的显示HTML网页和活动文档的IE窗口区分开来。
好吧,既然我不能以COM的方式来创建它,我还可以尝试用传统的方式。我可以创建一个explorer.exe进程之后查找其主窗口,就像Paul DiLascia 在他的文章"Get the Main Window, Get EXE Name"中演示的那样,并且发送未文档化的消息WM_GETISHELLBROWSER来获得窗口的IShellBrowser接口:
//
start the new process
STARTUPINFO si;
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
ZeroMemory(
&
si,
sizeof
(si) );
si.cb
=
sizeof
(si);
ZeroMemory(
&
pi,
sizeof
(pi) );
//
Start the child process.
if
(
!
CreateProcess( NULL,
//
No module name (use command line).
_T(
"
explorer.exe
"
),
//
Command line.
NULL,
//
Process handle not inheritable.
NULL,
//
Thread handle not inheritable.
FALSE,
//
Set handle inheritance to FALSE.
0
,
//
No creation flags.
NULL,
//
Use parent's environment block.
NULL,
//
Use parent's starting directory.
&
si,
//
Pointer to STARTUPINFO structure.
&
pi )
//
Pointer to PROCESS_INFORMATION structure.
)
//
wait a graceful time
//
so the window is created and is ready to answer messages.
::WaitForInputIdle(pi.hProcess,
1000
);
//
m_hExplorerProcess=(DWORD)pi.hProcess;
EnumWindows(EnumWindowsProc,(LPARAM)
this
);
BOOL CALLBACK CAutomationDlg::EnumWindowsProc(HWND hwnd,LPARAM lParam)
![](http://blog.joycode.com/images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
...
{
CAutomationDlg* pdlg=(CAutomationDlg*)lParam;
DWORD pidwin;
GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, &pidwin);
if (pidwin==pdlg->m_hExplorerProcess)
![](http://blog.joycode.com/images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
...{
IShellBrowser* psb=(IShellBrowser*)::SendMessage(hwnd,WM_USER+7,0,0);
CComQIPtr pwb(psb);
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
啊喔,这在我的计算机上也没有效果。怎么回事?在我的资源管理器的文件夹选项中,“在同一窗口中打开每一个文件夹”被选中,所以新的Windows Explorer窗口被创建在现有的Windows Explorer进程中。看起来这是条死胡同。
等一下,我手头还有另一个ShellWindows对象,它可以给我一个Shell窗口的列表,包含每一个Windows Explorer窗口和每个窗口对应的IWebBrowser2接口,这是到IShellBrowser接口的入口。.现在我需要获得两份shell窗口列表,创建explorer.exe进程之前和之后各一份,之后要比较它们来找到新的shell窗口:
等一下,你的"创建explorer.exe进程之后"是什么意思?一秒钟之后?还是两秒钟?实际上,一个WindowRegistered事件会被ShellWindows 对象触发,所以我在事件处理中加入一些代码:.m_pShellWindows.CoCreateInstance(CLSID_ShellWindows);
if (m_pShellWindows)
... {
//get the list of running IE windows
//using the ShellWindows collection
//For more information, please visit
//http://support.microsoft.com/kb/176792
long lCount=0;
m_pShellWindows->get_Count(&lCount);
for(long i=0;i pdispShellWindow;
m_pShellWindows->Item(COleVariant(i),&pdispShellWindow);
if(pdispShellWindow)
...{
m_listShellWindows.AddTail(new CComQIPtrIDispatch(pdispShellWindow));
}
}
}
// enumerate through the new shell window list
long lCount = 0 ;
m_pShellWindows -> get_Count( & lCount);
for ( long i = 0 ;i // search the new window
// using the ShellWindows collection
// For more information, please visit
// http://support.microsoft.com/kb/176792
BOOL bFound = FALSE;
CComPtr pdispShellWindow;
m_pShellWindows -> Item(COleVariant(i), & pdispShellWindow);
// search it in the old shell window list
POSITION pos = m_listShellWindows.GetHeadPosition();
while (pos)
... {
CComQIPtrIDispatch* pDispatch=m_listShellWindows.GetNext(pos);
if(pDispatch&&pdispShellWindow.p==pDispatch->p)
...{
bFound=TRUE;break;
}
}
if ( ! bFound) // new window found
... {
//attach to it
m_pWebBrowser2=pdispShellWindow;
m_bOwnIE=TRUE;
//sink for the Quit and DocumentComplete events
AdviseSinkIE();
NavigateToSamplePage(FALSE);
}
}
![]()
//
sink DShellWindowsEvents events
LPUNKNOWN pUnkSink
=
GetIDispatch(FALSE);
m_pShellWindows.CoCreateInstance(CLSID_ShellWindows);
AfxConnectionAdvise((LPUNKNOWN)m_pShellWindows,
DIID_DShellWindowsEvents,pUnkSink,FALSE,
&
m_dwCookieShellWindows);
void
CAutomationDlg::WindowRegistered(
long
lCookie)
![](http://blog.joycode.com/images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
...
{
//ok, a new shell window is created
if(m_pShellWindows)
![](http://blog.joycode.com/images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
...{
//enumerate through the new shell window list
long lCount=0;
m_pShellWindows->get_Count(&lCount);
for(long i=0;i//search the new window
//using the ShellWindows collection
//For more information, please visit
//http://support.microsoft.com/kb/176792
BOOL bFound=FALSE;
CComPtr pdispShellWindow;
m_pShellWindows->Item(COleVariant(i),&pdispShellWindow);
//search it in the old shell window list
POSITION pos=m_listShellWindows.GetHeadPosition();
while(pos)
![](http://blog.joycode.com/images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
...{
CComQIPtrIDispatch* pDispatch=m_listShellWindows.GetNext(pos);
if(pDispatch&&pdispShellWindow.p==pDispatch->p)
![](http://blog.joycode.com/images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
...{
bFound=TRUE;break;
}
}
if(!bFound)//new window
![](http://blog.joycode.com/images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
...{
//attach to it
m_pWebBrowser2=pdispShellWindow;
m_bOwnIE=TRUE;
//sink for the Quit and DocumentComplete events
AdviseSinkIE();
NavigateToSamplePage(FALSE);
}
}
//clean up
if(m_dwCookieShellWindows!= 0)
![](http://blog.joycode.com/images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
...{
LPUNKNOWN pUnkSink = GetIDispatch(FALSE);
AfxConnectionUnadvise((LPUNKNOWN)m_pShellWindows,
DIID_DShellWindowsEvents, pUnkSink, FALSE, m_dwCookieShellWindows);
m_dwCookieShellWindows= 0;
}
POSITION pos=m_listShellWindows.GetHeadPosition();
while(pos)
![](http://blog.joycode.com/images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
...{
CComQIPtrIDispatch* pDispatch=m_listShellWindows.GetNext(pos);
delete pDispatch;
}
m_listShellWindows.RemoveAll();
m_pShellWindows=(LPUNKNOWN)NULL;
}
}
为什么不用Browser Helper Objects?
因为新的窗口在进程外,所以跨进程列集COM调用很慢。如果你的自动化操作包含很多的COM调用,那么你可能要把代码本地化,例如编写一个浏览器辅助对象(BHO)。但是,BHO会被每一个Windows Explorer和Internet Explorer的实例加载,而且我不想拖慢整个系统来让它们扫瓦上霜。一些人倒是使用了这个技术连接到当前的Internet Explorer窗口.
已知问题
ShellWindows对象在explorer.exe process被终止或者尚未启动时不可访问。BHO在这种情况下可以作为替代方案。
结论
这里有一大堆让人迷糊的代码,而且可能还有你不熟悉的COM和Windows API函数混合调用。希望你会觉得本文有用,并且不会被我的代码搞得头昏脑胀。自动化Internet Explorer和Windows Explorers窗口可以节省你模拟系统默认行为的时间,并且给用户提供一个熟悉的界面。
参考
- Browser Detection Revisited, Toolbar Info, IUnknown with COM and MFC
- Connecting to Running Instances of Internet Explorer
- Connecting to a running instance of Internet Explorer
- Get the Main Window, Get EXE Name
- How to connect to a running instance of Internet Explorer
- How to Connect to IExplorer in Citrix Environments
- PRB: IShellFolder::CreateViewObject() causes access violation
- Querying information from an Explorer window
- ShellWindows Object (Windows Explorer and Controls)
历史
- October 20, 2005 初版发布