iOS App开发中的Cookie 整理小结




 

iOS App开发中的Cookie

一、何为Cookie

Cookie是网站为了便是终端身份,保存在终端本地的用户凭证信息。Cookie中的字段与意义由服务端进行定义。例如,当用户在某个网站进行了登录操作后,服务端会将Cookie信息返回给终端,终端会将这些信息进行保存,在下一次再次访问这个网站时,终端会将保存的Cookie信息一并发送到服务端,服务端根据Cookie信息是否有效来判断此用户是否可以自动登录。

二、iOS中进行Cookie管理的两个类

iOS中进行HTTP网络请求Cookie管理主要由两个类负责,一个类是NSHTTPCookieStorage类,一个是NSHTTPCookie类。

1.NSHTTPCookieStorage

NSHTTPCookieStorage类采用单例的设计模式,其中管理着所有HTTP请求的Cookie信息,常用方法如下:

//获取单例对象

+ (NSHTTPCookieStorage *)sharedHTTPCookieStorage;

//所有Cookie数据数组 其中存放NSHTTPCookie对象

@property (nullable , readonly, copy) NSArray *cookies;

//手动设置一条Cookie数据

- (void)setCookie:(NSHTTPCookie *)cookie;

//删除某条Cookie信息

- (void)deleteCookie:(NSHTTPCookie *)cookie;

//删除某个时间后的所有Cookie信息 iOS8后可用

- (nullable NSArray *)cookiesForURL:(NSURL *)URL;

//获取某个特定URL的所有Cookie数据

- (void)removeCookiesSinceDate:(NSDate *)date NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);

//为某个特定的URL设置Cookie

- (void)setCookies:(NSArray *)cookies forURL:(nullable NSURL *)URL mainDocumentURL:(nullable NSURL *)mainDocumentURL;

//Cookie数据的接收协议

/*

枚举如下:

typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicy) {

NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyAlways,//接收所有Cookie信息

NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyNever,//不接收所有Cookie信息

NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicyOnlyFromMainDocumentDomain//只接收主文档域的Cookie信息

};

*/

@property NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicy cookieAcceptPolicy;

系统下面的两个通知与Cookie管理有关:

//Cookie数据的接收协议改变时发送的通知

FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSHTTPCookieManagerAcceptPolicyChangedNotification;

//管理的Cookie数据发生变化时发送的通知

FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSHTTPCookieManagerCookiesChangedNotification;

2.NSHTTPCookie

NSHTTPCookie是具体的HTTP请求Cookie数据对象,其中属性方法如下:

//下面两个方法用于对象的创建和初始化 都是通过字典进行键值设置

- (nullable instancetype)initWithProperties:(NSDictionary *)properties;

+ (nullable NSHTTPCookie *)cookieWithProperties:(NSDictionary *)properties;

//返回Cookie数据中可用于添加HTTP头字段的字典

+ (NSDictionary *)requestHeaderFieldsWithCookies:(NSArray *)cookies;

//从指定的响应头和URL地址中解析出Cookie数据

+ (NSArray *)cookiesWithResponseHeaderFields:(NSDictionary *)headerFields forURL:(NSURL *)URL;

//Cookie数据中的属性字典

@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSDictionary *properties;

//请求响应的版本

@property (readonly) NSUInteger version;

//请求相应的名称

@property (readonly, copy) NSString *name;

//请求相应的值

@property (readonly, copy) NSString *value;

//过期时间

@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSDate *expiresDate;

//请求的域名

@property (readonly, copy) NSString *domain;

//请求的路径

@property (readonly, copy) NSString *path;

//是否是安全传输

@property (readonly, getter=isSecure) BOOL secure;

//是否只发送HTTP的服务

@property (readonly, getter=isHTTPOnly) BOOL HTTPOnly;

//响应的文档

@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSString *comment;

//相应的文档URL

@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSURL *commentURL;

//服务端口列表

@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSArray *portList;

三、清除Cookie

清除所有的cookie 方法:

NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"];

if (url) {

NSArray *cookies = [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookiesForURL:url];

for (int i = 0; i < [cookies count]; i++) {

NSHTTPCookie *cookie = (NSHTTPCookie *)[cookies objectAtIndex:i];

[[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] deleteCookie:cookie];

}

清除某一个特定的cookie方法:

NSArray * cookArray = [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookiesForURL:[NSURL URLWithString:self.loadURL]]; NSString * successCode = @""; for (NSHTTPCookie*cookie in cookArray) { if ([cookie.name isEqualToString:@"cookiename"]) { [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] deleteCookie:cookie]; } }

清除某一个url缓存的方法:

[[NSURLCache sharedURLCache] removeCachedResponseForRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url]];

清除所有缓存方法:

[[NSURLCache sharedURLCache] removeAllCachedResponses];

引用或相关资料:

http://www.jb51.net/article/88173.htm

iOS关于Cookie验证登录状态

原文:iOS关于Cookie验证登录状态

1、第一次进入应用,登录获取Cookie,此时如果用到的是AFN去获取接口数据,Cookie已经写入了,所以无需处理,每次请求的时候,会自动将该cookie传给后台去验证

2、将Cookie缓存到本地:

NSData *cookiesData = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject: [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookies]];

NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];

[defaults setObject: cookiesData forKey:@"Cookie"];

[defaults synchronize];

3、当第二次进入应用的时候,先判断NSUserDefault是否有缓存的Cookie,如果有,需要将cookie写入,然后进入应用

NSArray *cookies = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:@"Cookie"]];

NSHTTPCookieStorage * cookieStorage = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];

for (NSHTTPCookie * cookie in cookies){

[cookieStorage setCookie: cookie];

}

4、当用户选择退出登录,需要清除缓存中的cookie,同时要将NSUserDefault中的Cookie删除

(1)清除请求头中的Cookie:

NSHTTPCookieStorage *manager = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];

NSArray *cookieStorage = [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] cookies];

for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in cookieStorage) {

[manager deleteCookie:cookie];

}

(2)清除NSUserDefault中的Cookie

[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] removeObjectForKey:@"Cookie"];

[defaults synchronize];

注意:关于Cookie还有有效期,就看后台怎么定义,前端只要判断是否过了有效期,如果过了有效期,如果过了有效期,就需要用户重新登录,反之则不需要

iOS UIWebView 通过 cookie 完成自动登录

1、相关介绍

iOS在UIWebView中获取的cookie的方法:NSHTTPCookieStorage* nCookies = [NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage];

再具体获取某个域的cookie:NSArray* cookiesURL = [nCookiescookiesForURL:[NSURLURLWithString:@"你的URL"]];

通过[[NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage]setCookie:userCookie]方法将cookies来保存起来,但是这样虽然可以保存cookies但是你应用退出之后还是会丢失(其实是cookies过期的问题),做好的方法是把cookies放到NSUserDefaults保存起来.

2、实现

1.在UIWebView的代理方法中实现获取cookies并将cookies放到NSUserDefaults保存起来:- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView*)webView中写入

- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView*)webView{

NSArray*nCookies = [[NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage]cookies];

for(NSHTTPCookie*cookieinnCookies){

if([cookieisKindOfClass:[NSHTTPCookieclass]]){

if([cookie.nameisEqualToString:@"PHPSESSID"]) {

NSNumber*sessionOnly =[NSNumbernumberWithBool:cookie.sessionOnly];

NSNumber*isSecure = [NSNumbernumberWithBool:cookie.isSecure];

NSArray*cookies = [NSArrayarrayWithObjects:cookie.name, cookie.value, sessionOnly, cookie.domain, cookie.path, isSecure,nil];

[[NSUserDefaultsstandardUserDefaults]setObject:cookiesforKey:@"cookies"];

break;

}

}

}

}

2.获取cookies:运行之后,UIWebView加载url之前获取保存好的cookies,并设置cookies,

NSArray*cookies =[[NSUserDefaultsstandardUserDefaults]objectForKey:@"cookies"];

if(cookies.count>0) {

NSMutableDictionary*cookieProperties = [NSMutableDictionarydictionary];

[cookiePropertiessetObject:[cookiesobjectAtIndex:0]forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];

[cookiePropertiessetObject:[cookiesobjectAtIndex:1]forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];

[cookiePropertiessetObject:[cookiesobjectAtIndex:3]forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];

[cookiePropertiessetObject:[cookiesobjectAtIndex:4]forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];

NSHTTPCookie*cookieuser = [NSHTTPCookiecookieWithProperties:cookieProperties];

[[NSHTTPCookieStoragesharedHTTPCookieStorage]setCookie:cookieuser];

}

注意:要在[self.webView loadRequest:req];之前设置获取cookies!

iOS AFNetworking中cookie重定向代码

// 1. 取出需要同步的url (登录请求中返回的重定向地址)

BESTHttpItem *httpItem = [BESTHttpHelper sharedHelper].curHttpItem;

NSString *url = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/#/login", httpItem.frontend_addr];

// 2. 取出当前的headerFields

NSDictionary *headerFields = [NSHTTPCookie requestHeaderFieldsWithCookies:self.cookies];

// 3. 替换cookie地址

[NSHTTPCookie cookiesWithResponseHeaderFields:headerFields forURL:[NSURL URLWithString:url]];

ios 网络通信过程cookie的使用

今天做项目接口需要用到http通信传输将数据传存储到cookie进行通信,在网上找了一些方法,都是关于如何操作cookie的,明确指出如何将cookie配置到http请求体内的blog不多,现在说明如下:

在进行一个网络通信之后设备就会产生Cookie数据:

1:Cookie的获取

如果获取的Cookie为空,那么发起一个网络请求即可产生Cookie;

NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];for(NSHTTPCookie *cookiein[cookieJar cookies]) {  NSLog(@"%@", cookie);}

2:Cookie的清除

获取所有Cookie然后删除;

NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];NSArray*_tmpArray = [NSArrayarrayWithArray:[cookieJar cookies]];for(idobj in _tmpArray) {    [cookieJar deleteCookie:obj];  }

3:Cookie的设置

设置指定的Cookie,这样做只会设置Cookie到系统,在进行网络请求的时候并不会带着Cookie到服务端,这是很多blog未提及的;

NSMutableDictionary *cookieProperties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];  [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"username"forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];  [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"password"forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];  [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"io"forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];  [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"com"forKey:NSHTTPCookieOriginURL];  [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"/"forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];  [cookiePropertiessetObject:@"0"forKey:NSHTTPCookieVersion];  NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [NSHTTPCookie cookieWithProperties:cookieProperties];  [[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage]setCookie:cookie];

上面说了Cookie的一些操作,现在对如何在请求中带着cookie通信

1:苹果自带网络请求库携带cookie通信

//Cookie的基本设置    NSDictionary *properties = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];    [propertiessetValue:cookieValueforKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];    [propertiessetValue:cookieKeyforKey:NSHTTPCookieName];    [propertiessetValue:@""forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];    [propertiessetValue:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:60*60]forKey:NSHTTPCookieExpires];    [propertiessetValue:@"/"forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];    NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [[NSHTTPCookie alloc] initWithProperties:properties];    NSArray *cookies=[NSArray arrayWithObjects:cookie,nil];    NSDictionary *headers=[NSHTTPCookie requestHeaderFieldsWithCookies:cookies];    //将cookie塞进Request请求    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:pathStr];    NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];    request.timeoutInterval = self.timeoutInterval;    [requestsetValue:@"application/json"forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];    [requestsetValue:[headers objectForKey:@"Cookie"]forHTTPHeaderField:@"Cookie"];

这样就可以把cookie带到服务端进行通信了;

2:AFN携带cookie通信

同样,关于AFN如何携带cookie进行通信,网上的一些资料说的不是很明确,现说明如下:

NSString*cookieValue = @"AQIC5wM2LY4SfcxpzbIz4Pm51J82O5VFMd50x_es65I1DNU.*AAJTSQACMDEAAlNLABM1NjQ2MDM4ODMzNDI0NDkxOTcy*,JSESSIONID=50B3DDCD8ADDA7ACB3E5C36EFD0BB62F";NSString*cookieKey = @"iPlanetDirectoryPro";//Cookie的基本设置NSDictionary*properties = [[NSMutableDictionaryalloc] init];    [properties setValue:cookieValue forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];    [properties setValue:cookieKey forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];    [properties setValue:@""forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];    [properties setValue:[NSDatedateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:60*60] forKey:NSHTTPCookieExpires];    [properties setValue:@"/"forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];    NSHTTPCookie *cookie = [[NSHTTPCookie alloc] initWithProperties:properties];NSArray*cookies=[NSArrayarrayWithObjects:cookie,nil];NSDictionary*headers=[NSHTTPCookie requestHeaderFieldsWithCookies:cookies];NSMutableDictionary*dic = [NSMutableDictionarydictionary];    [dic setObject:tokenIdValue forKey:tokenIdKey];    AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];//将Cookie绑定request请求[manager.requestSerializersetValue:[headers objectForKey:@"Cookie"] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Cookie"];    [manager GET:urlString parameters:dic success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation,idresponseObject) {    } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation,NSError*error) {    }];

上述2种方式亲测可行;


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