linux内核 - futex锁

futex的全称：Fast userspace mutexes 快速用户空间mutex

基本原理：在用户空间维护一个原子变量，加锁操作首先通过原子操作操纵这个原子变量，如果没有竞争，直接修改原子变量并获取锁，无需陷入内核。如果存在竞争，那么仍然需要陷入内核进行裁决调度。

主要数据结构：

/**
 * struct futex_q - The hashed futex queue entry, one per waiting task
 * @list:               priority-sorted list of tasks waiting on this futex
 * @task:               the task waiting on the futex
 * @lock_ptr:           the hash bucket lock
 * @key:                the key the futex is hashed on
 * @pi_state:           optional priority inheritance state
 * @rt_waiter:          rt_waiter storage for use with requeue_pi
 * @requeue_pi_key:     the requeue_pi target futex key
 * @bitset:             bitset for the optional bitmasked wakeup
 *
 * We use this hashed waitqueue, instead of a normal wait_queue_entry_t, so
 * we can wake only the relevant ones (hashed queues may be shared).
 *
 * A futex_q has a woken state, just like tasks have TASK_RUNNING.
 * It is considered woken when plist_node_empty(&q->list) || q->lock_ptr == 0.
 * The order of wakeup is always to make the first condition true, then
 * the second.
 *
 * PI futexes are typically woken before they are removed from the hash list via
 * the rt_mutex code. See unqueue_me_pi().
 */
struct futex_q {
        struct plist_node list;

        struct task_struct *task;
        spinlock_t *lock_ptr;
        union futex_key key;
        struct futex_pi_state *pi_state;
        struct rt_mutex_waiter *rt_waiter;
        union futex_key *requeue_pi_key;
        u32 bitset;
} __randomize_layout;

/*
 * Hash buckets are shared by all the futex_keys that hash to the same
 * location.  Each key may have multiple futex_q structures, one for each task
 * waiting on a futex.
 */
struct futex_hash_bucket {
        atomic_t waiters;
        spinlock_t lock;
        struct plist_head chain;
} ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;

/*
 * The base of the bucket array and its size are always used together
 * (after initialization only in hash_futex()), so ensure that they
 * reside in the same cacheline.
 */
static struct {
        struct futex_hash_bucket *queues;
        unsigned long            hashsize;
} __futex_data __read_mostly __aligned(2*sizeof(long));
#define futex_queues   (__futex_data.queues)
#define futex_hashsize (__futex_data.hashsize)

哈希表视图：

主要函数kernel/futex.c：

static int futex_wait(u32 __user *uaddr, unsigned int flags, u32 val,
                      ktime_t *abs_time, u32 bitset)

static int
futex_wake(u32 __user *uaddr, unsigned int flags, int nr_wake, u32 bitset)

参考：

In pursuit of faster futexes [LWN.net]

https://www.kernel.org/doc/ols/2002/ols2002-pages-479-495.pdf