QPushButton *button = static_cast＜QPushButton*＞(index.internalPointer())；把按钮设置到table

QMap<int,QPushButton* > color_buttons;
第一步添加按钮

  color_buttons.clear();
    for(int i = 0; i<dataList.size(); i++)
    {
        QPushButton* button_p = new QPushButton();
        connect(button_p, &QPushButton::clicked, this, [=](){
            QColor color = QColorDialog::getColor();
            if (color.isValid()) {
                QPushButton *button = qobject_cast<QPushButton *>(sender());
                if (button)
                {
           //         button->setStyleSheet(QString("background-color: %1").arg(color.name()));

                    QJsonObject obj = dataList[i].toObject();
                    obj[headtitle.at(4)] = color.name();
                    dataList[i] = obj;

                    if( !JsonTool::save_json_file<QJsonArray>(file_name, dataList) )
                    {
                        QMessageBox::information( nullptr, QStringLiteral("修改失败"), QStringLiteral("修改失败"));
                    }
                }
            }
        });
        color_buttons.insert(i, button_p);
    }

第二步生成由QModelIndex

QModelIndex MissionModel::index(int row, int column, const QModelIndex &parent) const
{


    if (column == 4)
    {
        return createIndex(row, column, color_buttons[row]);
    }
    else
        return QAbstractTableModel::index(row, column, parent);
}

把按钮设置到界面table

 QModelIndex index = mission_model->index(i, 4);
        QPushButton *button = static_cast<QPushButton*>(index.internalPointer());
        ui->tableView->setIndexWidget(index, button);