《java优化占用内存的方法 --
" java做的系统给人的印象是什么?占内存!说道这句话就会有N多人站出来为java辩护,并举出一堆的性能测试报告来证明这一点。其实从理论上来讲java做的系统并不比其他语言开发出来的系统更占用内存,那么为什么却有这么N多理由来证明它确实占内存呢?两个字,"陋习"。
那如何衡量对象占用的内存空间大小呢?有人可能会说简单的使用如下代码:
System.gc();
Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory() - Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
然而这样做只能计算出堆中所有实例占用的内存大小,无法做到对一个对象的精确计算,
本人写了一段小代码计算对象的内存占用量,得出的结果和自己的电脑上内存的使用量一样,电脑配置是64位CPU,装32位XP操作系统,32位sun的虚拟机(参数-client),内存3G,不清楚程序是否通用。
算法简述:
1.值类型变量占用大小已知
2.引用类型变量占用大小4字节(还没有在64位JVM下测试过),如Object x = null;
3.对象大小与占用空间的关系:occupy = (size + 8 - 1) / 8 * 8;
4.递归的遍历一个对象内的所有成员变量,成员变量的成员变量的占用的内存大小,
(目前无法对包含private
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.*;
//一个引用:4字节
//一个Object:8字节
//一个Integer:16字节 == (8 + 4+8-1) / 8 * 8
//一个int:4字节
//长度为0的数组大小:JRo64=24, Sun32=12
//引用大小,如Object = null: JRo64=JRo32=4, Sun32=4, Sun64=8
//无成员的对象大小,如new Object();: JRo32=JRo64=8, Sun32=8, Sun64=16
//new byte[0]: JRo32=JRo64=8+8 Sun32=8+4, Sun64=16+8
//长度l的byte数组:(l+12+8-1)/8*8
//长度l的char/short数组:(l*2+12+8-1)/8*8 == (l+9)/4*8
//长度l的String:(l+1)/4*8+40
//长度l的int数组:(l*4+12+8-1)/8*8 ==(l+4)/2*8
//长度l的long数组:(l*8+12+8-1)/8*8 == (l+2)*8
public class Occupy {
//这8个方法不写不行,否则occupyof(int x)会自动重载到occupyof(Object o),并且无法在方法中判断
public static int occupyof(boolean variable) {
return 1;
}
public static int occupyof(byte variable) {
return 1;
}
public static int occupyof(short variable) {
return 2;
}
public static int occupyof(char variable) {
return 2;
}
public static int occupyof(int variable) {
return 4;
}
public static int occupyof(float variable) {
return 4;
}
public static int occupyof(long variable) {
return 8;
}
public static int occupyof(double variable) {
return 8;
}
public Occupy(byte nullReferenceSize, byte emptyObjectSize, byte emptyArrayVarSize) {
this.NULL_REFERENCE_SIZE = nullReferenceSize;
this.EMPTY_OBJECT_SIZE = emptyObjectSize;
this.EMPTY_ARRAY_VAR_SIZE = emptyArrayVarSize;
}
public static Occupy forJRockitVM() {
return new Occupy((byte) 4, (byte) 8, (byte) 8);
}
public static Occupy forSun32BitsVM() {
return new Occupy((byte) 4, (byte) 8, (byte) 4);
}
public static Occupy forSun64BitsVM() {
return new Occupy((byte) 8, (byte) 16, (byte) 8);
}
public static Occupy forDetectedVM(){
return null;
}
private final byte NULL_REFERENCE_SIZE;
private final byte EMPTY_OBJECT_SIZE;
private final byte EMPTY_ARRAY_VAR_SIZE;
private static class ref{
public ref(Object obj){
this.obj = obj;
}
final Object obj;
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
return (obj instanceof ref) && ((ref)obj).obj == this.obj;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return obj.hashCode();
}
}
private List dedup = new ArrayList();
public int occupyof(Object object){
dedup.clear();
return occupyof0(object);
}
private int occupyof0(Object object) {
if (object == null)
return 0;
ref r = new ref(object);
if(dedup.contains(r))
return 0;
dedup.add(r);
int varSize = 0;//对象中的值类型、引用类型变量大小
int objSize = 0;//对象中的引用类型指向的对象实例的大小
for (Class clazz = object.getClass(); clazz != Object.class; clazz = clazz.getSuperclass()) {
// System.out.println(clazz);
if (clazz.isArray()) {//当前对象的数组
varSize += EMPTY_ARRAY_VAR_SIZE;
Class<?> componentType = clazz.getComponentType();
if (componentType.isPrimitive()) {//当前数组是原生类型的数组
varSize += lengthOfPrimitiveArray(object) * sizeofPrimitiveClass(componentType);
return occupyOfSize(EMPTY_OBJECT_SIZE, varSize, 0);
}
Object[] array = (Object[]) object;
varSize += NULL_REFERENCE_SIZE * array.length;//当前数组有length个引用,每个占用4字节
for (Object o : array)
objSize += occupyof0(o);
return occupyOfSize(EMPTY_OBJECT_SIZE, varSize, objSize);
}
Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers()))
continue;//类成员不计
//System.out.println(field.getDeclaringClass());
if(clazz != field.getDeclaringClass())
continue;
Class<?> type = field.getType();
if (type.isPrimitive())
varSize += sizeofPrimitiveClass(type);
else {
varSize += NULL_REFERENCE_SIZE;//一个引用型变量占用4个字节
try {
field.setAccessible(true);//可以访问非public类型的变量
objSize += occupyof0(field.get(object));
} catch (Exception e) {
objSize += occupyofConstructor(object, field);
}
}
}
}
return occupyOfSize(EMPTY_OBJECT_SIZE, varSize, objSize);
}
public static int sizeof(boolean variable) {
return 1;
}
public static int sizeof(byte variable) {
return 1;
}
public static int sizeof(short variable) {
return 2;
}
public static int sizeof(char variable) {
return 2;
}
public static int sizeof(int variable) {
return 4;
}
public static int sizeof(float variable) {
return 4;
}
public static int sizeof(long variable) {
return 8;
}
public static int sizeof(double variable) {
return 8;
}
public int sizeof(Object object) {
if (object == null)
return 0;
int size = EMPTY_OBJECT_SIZE;
Class clazz = object.getClass();
if (clazz.isArray()) {
size += EMPTY_ARRAY_VAR_SIZE;//length变量是int型
Class<?> componentType = clazz.getComponentType();
if (componentType.isPrimitive())
return size + lengthOfPrimitiveArray(object) * sizeofPrimitiveClass(componentType);
Object[] array = (Object[]) object;
size += 4 * array.length;
for (Object o : array)
size += sizeof(o);
return size;
}
Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers()))
continue;//类成员不计
Class<?> type = field.getType();
if (type.isPrimitive())
size += sizeofPrimitiveClass(type);
else {
size += 4;//一个引用型变量占用4个字节
try {
field.setAccessible(true);//可以访问非public类型的变量
size += sizeof(field.get(object));
} catch (Exception e) {
size += sizeofConstructor(object, field);
}
}
}
return size;
}
private static int occupyofConstructor(Object object, Field field) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("field type Constructor not accessible: " + object.getClass() + " field:" + field);
}
private static int sizeofConstructor(Object object, Field field) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("field type Constructor not accessible: " + object.getClass() + " field:" + field);
}
private static int occupyOfSize(int size) {
return (size + 7) / 8 * 8;
}
private static int occupyOfSize(int selfSize, int varsSize, int objsSize) {
// System.out.println("self=" + selfSize + " vars=" + varsSize + " objs=" + objsSize);
return occupyOfSize(selfSize) + occupyOfSize(varsSize) + objsSize;
}
private static int sizeofPrimitiveClass(Class clazz) {
return clazz == boolean.class || clazz == byte.class ? 1 : clazz == char.class || clazz == short.class ? 2 : clazz == int.class || clazz == float.class ? 4
: 8;
}
private static int lengthOfPrimitiveArray(Object object) {
Class<?> clazz = object.getClass();
return clazz == boolean[].class ? ((boolean[]) object).length : clazz == byte[].class ? ((byte[]) object).length
: clazz == char[].class ? ((char[]) object).length : clazz == short[].class ? ((short[]) object).length
: clazz == int[].class ? ((int[]) object).length : clazz == float[].class ? ((float[]) object).length
: clazz == long[].class ? ((long[]) object).length : ((double[]) object).length;
}
}
转自: http://blog.csdn.net/hoszb/article/details/5846069