Enterprise Library 2.0 -- Logging Application Block (下)
阅读本文之前,请先阅读:Enterprise Library 2.0 -- Logging Application Block (上) 上一篇中我们介绍了如何去配置Logging Application Block,本文将主要介绍Logging Application Block 的基本操作以及Formatter和Trace Listeners 的自定义方法,首先我们来看如何将一个事件日志写入到一个文本文件中。 假设我们按照上一篇的操作配置了Logging Application Block,那么配置文件中的信息如下:
<
loggingConfiguration
name
="Logging Application Block"
tracingEnabled
="true"
defaultCategory
="General"
logWarningsWhenNoCategoriesMatch
="true"
>
<
listeners
>
<
add
fileName
="trace.log"
header
="----------------------------------------"
footer
="----------------------------------------"
formatter
="SHY520 Formatter"
listenerDataType
="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Configuration.FlatFileTraceListenerData, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"
traceOutputOptions
="None"
type
="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners.FlatFileTraceListener, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"
name
="SHY520 Listeners"
/>
<
add
source
="Enterprise Library Logging"
formatter
="Text Formatter"
log
="Application"
machineName
=""
listenerDataType
="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Configuration.FormattedEventLogTraceListenerData, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"
traceOutputOptions
="None"
type
="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners.FormattedEventLogTraceListener, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"
name
="Formatted EventLog TraceListener"
/>
</
listeners
>
<
formatters
>
<
add
template
="Timestamp: {timestamp} Message: {message} Category: {category} Priority: {priority} EventId: {eventid} Severity: {severity} Title:{title} Machine: {machine} Application Domain: {appDomain} Process Id: {processId} Process Name: {processName} Win32 Thread Id: {win32ThreadId} Thread Name: {threadName} Extended Properties: {dictionary({key} - {value} )}"
type
="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Formatters.TextFormatter, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"
name
="Text Formatter"
/>
<
add
template
="Timestamp: {timestamp} Message: {message} Category: {category} Priority: {priority} EventId: {eventid} Severity: {severity} Title:{title} Machine: {machine} Application Domain: {appDomain} Process Id: {processId} Process Name: {processName} Win32 Thread Id: {win32ThreadId} Thread Name: {threadName} Extended Properties: {dictionary({key} - {value} )}"
type
="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Formatters.TextFormatter, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"
name
="SHY520 Formatter"
/>
</
formatters
>
<
logFilters
>
<
add
categoryFilterMode
="AllowAllExceptDenied"
type
="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Filters.CategoryFilter, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"
name
="Category Filter"
/>
</
logFilters
>
<
categorySources
>
<
add
switchValue
="All"
name
="General"
>
<
listeners
>
<
add
name
="SHY520 Listeners"
/>
</
listeners
>
</
add
>
</
categorySources
>
<
specialSources
>
<
allEvents
switchValue
="All"
name
="All Events"
/>
<
notProcessed
switchValue
="All"
name
="Unprocessed Category"
/>
<
errors
switchValue
="All"
name
="Logging Errors & Warnings"
>
<
listeners
>
<
add
name
="Formatted EventLog TraceListener"
/>
</
listeners
>
</
errors
>
</
specialSources
>
</
loggingConfiguration
>
下面我们来看如何将日志写入到文本文件:
[TestMethod]
public
void
DoLog()
{ // 创建一个日志条目 LogEntry log = new LogEntry(); // 指定该日志所属类别 log.Categories.Add( " General " ); // 日志标题 log.Title = " SHY520's Tests " ; log.Message = " there is log information " ; // 优先级 log.Priority = 0 ; Logger.Write(log); }
上面的代码中,我们为该日志指定所属类别为General,在配置文件中我们可以看到General这个类别使用的Trace Listener是SHY520 Listeners,SHY520 Listeners是一个Flat File Trace Listener,它指定了我们的日志信息输出的地方(trace.log),我用的测试项目,运行测试后,该文件在TestResult/out目录中,如果是一般的Web项目或Consle项目,该文件则在Bin/Debug目录下,下面我们来看一下输出的日志信息: 上图中,我们可以看到我们在程序中记录的一些日志信息,我们还可以记录一些额外的信息,这些信息是键值对应的,在1.0版本中我们用Hashtable,这里我们用的是一个泛型的Dictionary类型,代码如下:
[TestMethod]
public
void
LoggEntry()
{ LogEntry log = new LogEntry(); // 事件ID log.EventId = 2000 ; // 日志优先级 log.Priority = 2 ; log.Message = " Test LogEntry 2 " ; // 日志类别 ICollection < string > coll = new List < string > (); coll.Add( " General " ); log.Categories = coll; // 添加额外信息 Dictionary < string , object > dic = new Dictionary < string , object > (); dic.Add( " name " , " SHY520 " ); dic.Add( " sex " , " 男 " ); dic.Add( " age " , " 22 " ); log.ExtendedProperties = dic; // 写入日志 Logger.Write(log); }
然后运行测试,在TestResult/Out目录下的trace.log文件中就能看到我们在程序中添加的额外信息了。 下面我们来介绍一下过滤器的用法: 实现方法很简单,这里我们假设我们已经按照上一篇文章中的方法配置好了一个Category Filter,在Category Filter中我们可以设置要过滤掉哪种类别的事件日志,具体实现方式有两种,如下: 方法一:
[TestMethod]
public
void
TestFilter1()
{ LogEntry logEntry = new LogEntry(); logEntry.Priority = 2 ; logEntry.Categories.Add( " General " ); // ShouldLog()方法根据Filter配置返回是否需要记录日志 if (Logger.GetFilter < CategoryFilter > ().ShouldLog(logEntry.Categories)) { // TODO:记录日志 Logger.Write(logEntry); } }
方法二:
[TestMethod]
public
void
TestFilter2()
{ LogEntry logEntry = new LogEntry(); logEntry.Priority = 2 ; logEntry.Categories.Add( " General " ); if (Logger.ShouldLog(logEntry)) { Logger.Write(logEntry); } }
关于事件日志的过滤就说到这里,下面我们来看看如何创建一个自定义的Trace Listener,首先我们新建一个类(MyListener),并且继承与CustomTraceListener,同时不要忘了在为这个新建的类加上[ConfigurationElementType(typeof(CustomTraceListenerData))]的Attribute,最后重写基类的三个方法,在每个方法中加入自己需要的逻辑既可。完整的类的代码如下:
using
System;
using
System.Collections.Generic;
using
System.Text;
using
Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration;
using
Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Configuration;
using
Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging;
using
Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners;
namespace
Enterprise_Library_2
{ [ConfigurationElementType( typeof (CustomTraceListenerData))] public class MyListener : CustomTraceListener { public override void TraceData(System.Diagnostics.TraceEventCache eventCache, string source, System.Diagnostics.TraceEventType eventType, int id, object data) { if (data is LogEntry && this .Formatter != null ) { this .WriteLine( this .Formatter.Format(data as LogEntry)); } else { this .WriteLine(data.ToString()); } } public override void Write( string message) { // TODO:添加自己所需的逻辑 } public override void WriteLine( string message) { // TODO:添加自己所需的逻辑 } } }
然后我们在配置Trace Listener的时候选择Custom Trace Listener就可以了。
接下来我们来看看如何自定义Formatter,实现的方法和上面类似,首先新建一个类MyFormatter,继承ILogFormatter接口,同时加上[ConfigurationElementType(typeof(CustomFormatterData))]的Attribute,完整的代码如下:
using
System;
using
System.Collections.Generic;
using
System.Text;
using
System.Collections.Specialized;
using
Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration;
using
Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Configuration;
using
Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging;
using
Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Formatters;
namespace
Enterprise_Library_2
{ [ConfigurationElementType( typeof (CustomFormatterData))] public class MyFormatter : ILogFormatter { public MyFormatter(NameValueCollection nv) { // 注意:构造函数的参数必须是NameValueCollection类型的 } public string Format(LogEntry log) { string result = string .Empty; // TODO:此处添加我们个性化的Formatter逻辑 return result; } } }
到这里,关于Logging Application Block的有关问题已经都简单的介绍了一下,有遗漏错误的地方,请指正,谢谢!
希望对初学者有所帮助,同时也欢迎Enterprise Library学习者一起共同交流经验。