Java IO 之File操作
一.File中的两个常量分隔符
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> File;
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.io.File;
<span class="hljs-javadoc">/**
* 两个常量
* 1、路径分隔符 ;
* 2、名称分隔符 \ (windows) /(linux等)
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-annotation">@SuppressWarnings</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"all"</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Demo01</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span>(String[] args) {
System.out.println(File.pathSeparator);
System.out.println(File.separator);
<span class="hljs-comment">//路径表示形式</span>
String path = <span class="hljs-string">"E:\\xp\\test\\2.jpg"</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">//不推荐</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//适合动态生成时使用</span>
path = <span class="hljs-string">"E:"</span>+File.pathSeparator+<span class="hljs-string">"win7"</span>+File.separator+<span class="hljs-string">"test"</span>+File.separator+<span class="hljs-string">"2.jpg"</span>;
path = <span class="hljs-string">"E:/win7/test/2.jpg"</span>;<span class="hljs-comment">//推荐使用 </span>
}
}</code><ul style="FILTER: ; ZOOM: 1" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li></ul>
运行结果：
<code class="hljs has-numbering">; \</code><ul style="FILTER: ; ZOOM: 1" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li></ul>
二.相对路径与绝对路径
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> File;
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.io.File;
<span class="hljs-javadoc">/**
* 相对路径与绝对路径 构造File对象
* 1.相对路径
* File(String parent,String child) ==>File("E:/xp/test","2.jpg");
* File(File parent,String child) ==>File(new File("E:/xp/test"),"2.jpg");
* 2.绝对路径
* src = new File("E:/xp/test/2.jpg");
*
* getName() 返回名称
* getPath() 如果是绝对的，返回绝对路径；如果是相对的，返回相对路径。
* getAbsolutePath() 返回绝对路径
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Demo02</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span>(String[] args) {
String parentPath = <span class="hljs-string">"E:/xp/test"</span>;
String name = <span class="hljs-string">"2.jpg"</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment">//相对路径</span>
File src = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> File(parentPath,name);
<span class="hljs-comment">//src = new File(new File(parentPath),name);</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//输出</span>
System.out.println(src.getName());
System.out.println(src.getPath());
System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"-------------"</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">//绝对路径</span>
src = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> File(<span class="hljs-string">"E:/xp/test/2.jpg"</span>);
System.out.println(src.getName());
System.out.println(src.getPath());
System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"-------------"</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">//没有盘符，一user.dir构建</span>
src= <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> File(<span class="hljs-string">"test.txt"</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">//src= new File(".");//当前路径，通过这种方式可以找到当前工作空间路径。</span>
System.out.println(src.getName());<span class="hljs-comment">//返回名称</span>
System.out.println(src.getPath());<span class="hljs-comment">//如果是绝对的，返回绝对路径；如果是相对的，返回相对路径。</span>
System.out.println(src.getAbsolutePath());
}
}</code><ul style="FILTER: ; ZOOM: 1" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li></ul>
运行结果：
<code class="hljs asciidoc has-numbering">2.jpg <span class="hljs-header">E:\xp\test\2.jpg -------------</span> 2.jpg <span class="hljs-header">E:\xp\test\2.jpg -------------</span> test.txt test.txt G:\program\javase\IOFile\test.txt</code><ul style="FILTER: ; ZOOM: 1" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li></ul>
三.File的常用方法
<code class="hljs cs has-numbering">package File;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
<span class="hljs-comment">/**
* 常用方法
* 1、文件名
* getName() 文件名、路径名
* getPath() 路径名
* getAbsoluteFile() 绝对路径所对应的File对象
* getAbsolutePath() 绝对路径名
* getParent() 返回父目录
*
* 2、判断信息
* exists()
* canWrite()
* canRead()
* isFile()
* isDirectory()
* isAbsolute() 消除平台差异，如以盘符开头，其他以/开头
* 3、长度（字节数） 不能读取文件夹的长度
*
* 4、创建、删除文件
* createNewFile 创建新文件，如果不存在，进行创建；如果存在，返回false。
* 临时文件
*/</span>
@SuppressWarnings(<span class="hljs-string">"all"</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> Demo03 {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span>(String[] args) {
test01();
System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string">"========"</span>);
test02();
System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string">"========"</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
test03();
} <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string">"文件操作失败"</span>);
}
}
<span class="hljs-comment">//1、获取文件名称</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">test01</span>()
{
<span class="hljs-comment">//File src = new File("E:/xp/test/2.jpg");</span>
File src = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> File(<span class="hljs-string">"test/2.txt"</span>);
System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(src.getName());<span class="hljs-comment">//名称</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//如果是绝对路径，返回完整路径，否则相对路径</span>
System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(src.getPath());
<span class="hljs-comment">//返回绝对路径</span>
System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(src.getAbsolutePath());
<span class="hljs-comment">//返回上一级目录，如果是相对路径，可能返回null；如new File("2.txt");</span>
System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(src.getParent());
}
<span class="hljs-comment">//2、判断信息 读取相关信息，不是读取内容，而是位置，大小，占用空间，创建时间等属性</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">test02</span>()
{
<span class="hljs-comment">//String path = "2.txt";</span>
String path = <span class="hljs-string">"G:/love.txt"</span>;
File src = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> File(path);
System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string">"文件是否存在："</span>+src.exists());
<span class="hljs-comment">//是否可读写</span>
System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string">"文件是否可写："</span>+src.canWrite());
<span class="hljs-comment">//isFile()、isDirectory() </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(src.isFile())
{
System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string">"文件"</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(src.isDirectory()) {
System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string">"文件夹"</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string">"文件不存在"</span>);
}
System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string">"是否为绝对路径："</span>+src.isAbsolute());
System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string">"长度为："</span>+src.length());<span class="hljs-comment">//这个长度是字节数</span>
}
<span class="hljs-comment">//3、创建，删除文件</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">test03</span>() throws IOException
{
<span class="hljs-comment">//创建文件</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//con 系统关键字，不能创建成功。</span>
String path = <span class="hljs-string">"F:/100.txt"</span>;
File src = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> File(path);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(!src.exists())
{
boolean flag = src.createNewFile();
System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(flag?<span class="hljs-string">"创建成功"</span>:<span class="hljs-string">"创建失败"</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-comment">//删除文件</span>
boolean flag = src.delete();
System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(flag?<span class="hljs-string">"删除成功"</span>:<span class="hljs-string">"删除失败"</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">//static createTempFile(前缀3个字节长，后缀默认.temp) 默认临时空间</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//static createTempFile(前缀3个字节长，后缀默认.temp，目录) </span>
File temp = File.createTempFile(<span class="hljs-string">"tes"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">".temp"</span>,<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> File(<span class="hljs-string">"G:/"</span>));
<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
Thread.sleep(<span class="hljs-number">2000</span>);
temp.deleteOnExit();<span class="hljs-comment">//退出即删除</span>
} <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}</code><ul style="FILTER: ; ZOOM: 1" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li></ul>
运行结果：
<code class="hljs asciidoc has-numbering">2.txt test\2.txt G:\program\javase\IOFile\test\2.txt <span class="hljs-header">test ========</span> 文件是否存在：true 文件是否可写：true 文件 是否为绝对路径：true <span class="hljs-header">长度为：32 ========</span> 创建成功 删除成功</code><ul style="FILTER: ; ZOOM: 1" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li></ul>
四.创建目录
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> File;
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.io.File;
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.io.FilenameFilter;
<span class="hljs-javadoc">/**
* 创建目录
* mkdir() 创建目录 必需确保父目录存在，如果不存在，创建失败。
* mkdirs() 创建目录 如果父目录链不存在，一同创建。
* String[] list() 文件|目录名 字符串形式
* File[] listFiles() 文件|目录名 File对象形式
* File[] listFiles(FilenameFilter filter) 过滤
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-annotation">@SuppressWarnings</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"all"</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Demo04</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span>(String[] args) {
test01();
test02();
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">test01</span>()
{
String path = <span class="hljs-string">"G:/try/123/123/325"</span>;
File src = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> File(path);
<span class="hljs-comment">//src.mkdir();</span>
src.mkdirs();
System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"创建成功。"</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">test02</span>()
{
<span class="hljs-comment">//String path = "G:/try/123";</span>
String path = <span class="hljs-string">"G:/work"</span>;
File src = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> File(path);<span class="hljs-comment">//文件夹</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(src.isDirectory())<span class="hljs-comment">//存在并且为目录</span>
{
System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"======子目录|子文件名 《字符串的表现形式》======"</span>);
String[] subNames = src.list();
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>(String temp:subNames)
{
System.out.println(temp);
}
System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"====子目录|子文件 《File对象》====="</span>);
File[] subFiles = src.listFiles();
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>(File temp:subFiles )
{
System.out.println(temp.getAbsolutePath());
}
System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"======子文件,Java对象======"</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment">//命令设计模式</span>
subFiles = src.listFiles(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> FilenameFilter() {
<span class="hljs-javadoc">/**
* dir代表src
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">boolean</span> <span class="hljs-title">accept</span>(File dir, String name) {
<span class="hljs-comment">//System.out.println(dir.getName());</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//System.out.println(dir.getAbsolutePath());</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//必须是文件且后缀是.java</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> File (dir,name).isFile()&&name.endsWith(<span class="hljs-string">".rar"</span>);
}
});
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>(File temp:subFiles)
{
System.out.println(temp.getAbsolutePath());
}
}
}
}</code><ul style="FILTER: ; ZOOM: 1" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li></ul>
运行结果：
<code class="hljs tex has-numbering">创建成功。 ======子目录|子文件名====== 123 324 dsafds.java sdafd.java 新建文件夹 (3) 新建文件夹 (4) ====子目录|子文件File对象===== G:<span class="hljs-command">\try</span>\123\123 G:<span class="hljs-command">\try</span>\123\324 G:<span class="hljs-command">\try</span>\123<span class="hljs-command">\dsafds</span>.java G:<span class="hljs-command">\try</span>\123<span class="hljs-command">\sdafd</span>.java G:<span class="hljs-command">\try</span>\123<span class="hljs-command">\新</span>建文件夹 (3) G:<span class="hljs-command">\try</span>\123<span class="hljs-command">\新</span>建文件夹 (4) ======子文件,Java对象====== G:<span class="hljs-command">\try</span>\123<span class="hljs-command">\dsafds</span>.java G:<span class="hljs-command">\try</span>\123<span class="hljs-command">\sdafd</span>.java</code><ul style="FILTER: ; ZOOM: 1" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li></ul>
五.输出子孙级目录或文件的名称
<code class="hljs java has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> File;
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.io.File;
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.util.Arrays;
<span class="hljs-javadoc">/**
* 输出子孙级目录|文件的名称
* 1、listFile()
* 2、递归
*
* static listRoots() 根路径
*<span class="hljs-javadoctag"> @author</span> liguodong
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Demo05</span> {</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span>(String[] args) {
String path = <span class="hljs-string">"G:/try/123"</span>;
File parent = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> File(path);
printName(parent);
System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"----------"</span>);
File[] roots = File.listRoots();
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(roots));
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">printName</span>(File src){
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>==src||!src.exists()){
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>;
}
System.out.println(src.getAbsolutePath());
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(src.isDirectory()){
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>(File sub:src.listFiles()){
printName(sub);
}
}
}
}</code><ul style="FILTER: ; ZOOM: 1" class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li></ul>
运行结果：
<code class="hljs tex has-numbering">G:<span class="hljs-command">\try</span>\123 G:<span class="hljs-command">\try</span>\123\123 G:<span class="hljs-command">\try</span>\123\123\325 G:<span class="hljs-command">\try</span>\123\432 G:<span class="hljs-command">\try</span>\123\432\1.txt G:<span class="hljs-command">\try</span>\123\432\2.txt G:<span class="hljs-command">\try</span>\123\432\3.txt G:<span class="hljs-command">\try</span>\123\4344 ---------- <span class="hljs-special">[</span>C:<span class="hljs-command">\,</span> D:<span class="hljs-command">\,</span> E:<span class="hljs-command">\,</span> F:<span class="hljs-command">\,</span> G:<span class="hljs-command">\,</span> H:<span class="hljs-command">\,</span> K:<span class="hljs-command">\]</span></code>
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