如何高效的将excel导入sqlserver？

大部分人都知道用oledb来读取数据到dataset，但是读取之后怎么处理dataset就千奇百怪了。很多人通过循环来拼接sql，这样做不但容易出错而且效率低下，System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy 对于新手来说还是比较陌生的，这个就是传说中效率极高的bcp，6万多数据从excel导入到sql只需要4.5秒。

using System;  
using System.Data;  
using System.Windows.Forms;  
using System.Data.OleDb;  
namespace WindowsApplication2  
{  
    public partial class Form1 : Form  
    {  
        public Form1()  
        {  
            InitializeComponent();  
        }  
 
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  
        {  
            //测试，将excel中的sheet1导入到sqlserver中  
            string connString = "server=localhost;uid=sa;pwd=sqlgis;database=master";  
            System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog fd = new OpenFileDialog();  
            if (fd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)  
            {  
                TransferData(fd.FileName, "sheet1", connString);  
            }  
        }  
 
        public void TransferData(string excelFile, string sheetName, string connectionString)  
        {  
            DataSet ds = new DataSet();  
            try 
            {  
                //获取全部数据  
                string strConn = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" + "Data Source=" + excelFile + ";" + "Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;";  
                OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(strConn);  
                conn.Open();  
                string strExcel = "";  
                OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = null;  
                strExcel = string.Format("select * from [{0}$]", sheetName);  
                myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter(strExcel, strConn);  
                myCommand.Fill(ds, sheetName);  
 
                //如果目标表不存在则创建  
                string strSql = string.Format("if object_id('{0}') is null create table {0}(", sheetName);  
                foreach (System.Data.DataColumn c in ds.Tables[0].Columns)  
                {  
                    strSql += string.Format("[{0}] varchar(255),", c.ColumnName);  
                }  
                strSql = strSql.Trim(',') + ")";  
 
                using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection sqlconn = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection(connectionString))  
                {  
                    sqlconn.Open();  
                    System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand command = sqlconn.CreateCommand();  
                    command.CommandText = strSql;  
                    command.ExecuteNonQuery();  
                    sqlconn.Close();  
                }  
                //用bcp导入数据  
                using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy bcp = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy(connectionString))  
                {  
                    bcp.SqlRowsCopied += new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlRowsCopiedEventHandler(bcp_SqlRowsCopied);  
                    bcp.BatchSize = 100;//每次传输的行数  
                    bcp.NotifyAfter = 100;//进度提示的行数  
                    bcp.DestinationTableName = sheetName;//目标表  
                    bcp.WriteToServer(ds.Tables[0]);  
                }  
            }  
            catch (Exception ex)  
            {  
                System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);  
            }  
 
        }  
 
        //进度显示  
        void bcp_SqlRowsCopied(object sender, System.Data.SqlClient.SqlRowsCopiedEventArgs e)  
        {  
            this.Text = e.RowsCopied.ToString();  
            this.Update();  
        }  
 
 
    }  
}  
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data.OleDb;
namespace WindowsApplication2
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //测试，将excel中的sheet1导入到sqlserver中
            string connString = "server=localhost;uid=sa;pwd=sqlgis;database=master";
            System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog fd = new OpenFileDialog();
            if (fd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                TransferData(fd.FileName, "sheet1", connString);
            }
        }

        public void TransferData(string excelFile, string sheetName, string connectionString)
        {
            DataSet ds = new DataSet();
            try
            {
                //获取全部数据
                string strConn = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" + "Data Source=" + excelFile + ";" + "Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;";
                OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(strConn);
                conn.Open();
                string strExcel = "";
                OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = null;
                strExcel = string.Format("select * from [{0}$]", sheetName);
                myCommand = new OleDbDataAdapter(strExcel, strConn);
                myCommand.Fill(ds, sheetName);

                //如果目标表不存在则创建
                string strSql = string.Format("if object_id('{0}') is null create table {0}(", sheetName);
                foreach (System.Data.DataColumn c in ds.Tables[0].Columns)
                {
                    strSql += string.Format("[{0}] varchar(255),", c.ColumnName);
                }
                strSql = strSql.Trim(',') + ")";

                using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection sqlconn = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection(connectionString))
                {
                    sqlconn.Open();
                    System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand command = sqlconn.CreateCommand();
                    command.CommandText = strSql;
                    command.ExecuteNonQuery();
                    sqlconn.Close();
                }
                //用bcp导入数据
                using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy bcp = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy(connectionString))
                {
                    bcp.SqlRowsCopied += new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlRowsCopiedEventHandler(bcp_SqlRowsCopied);
                    bcp.BatchSize = 100;//每次传输的行数
                    bcp.NotifyAfter = 100;//进度提示的行数
                    bcp.DestinationTableName = sheetName;//目标表
                    bcp.WriteToServer(ds.Tables[0]);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
            }

        }

        //进度显示
        void bcp_SqlRowsCopied(object sender, System.Data.SqlClient.SqlRowsCopiedEventArgs e)
        {
            this.Text = e.RowsCopied.ToString();
            this.Update();
        }

    }
}
 

上面的TransferData基本可以直接使用，如果要考虑周全的话，可以用oledb来获取excel的表结构，并且加入ColumnMappings来设置对照字段，这样效果就完全可以做到和sqlserver的dts相同的效果了。

 

本文来自CSDN博客，转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/Linux7985/archive/2009/03/05/3959716.aspx