设计模式_13_原型模式

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原型模式

1. 分析

定义：

• 指原型实例指定创建对象的种类，并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象
• 不需要知道任何创建的细节，不调用构造函数
• 类型：创建型

适用场景：

• 类初始化消耗较多资源
• new 产生的一个对象需要比较繁琐的过程（数据准备、访问权限等）
• 构造函数比较复杂
• 循环体中产生大量对象时

优点：

• 原型模式性能比直接new一个对象性能高
• 简化创建过程

缺点：

• 必须配备克隆方法
• 对克隆复杂对象或对克隆出的对象进行复杂构造时，容易引入风险
• 深拷贝、浅拷贝要运用得当

2. 示例

• 示例1

public class Mail implements Cloneable {

    private String name;

    private String emailAddress;

    private String content;

    public Mail() {
        System.out.println("Mail Class Constructor");
    }


    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getEmailAddress() {
        return emailAddress;
    }

    public void setEmailAddress(String emailAddress) {
        this.emailAddress = emailAddress;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        System.out.println("clone mail test");
        return super.clone();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Mail{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", emailAddress='" + emailAddress + '\'' +
                ", content='" + content + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

public class MailUtil {
    public static void sendMail(Mail mail) {
        String content = "向 {0} 同学的邮件地址 {1} 发送邮件，内容为: {2}";
        System.out.println(MessageFormat.format(content, mail.getName(), mail.getEmailAddress(), mail.getContent()));
    }

    public static void saveOriginMailRecord(Mail mail) {
        System.out.println("存储原始邮件记录，" + mail.getContent());
    }

}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Mail mail = new Mail();
        mail.setContent("初始化模板");

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            Mail mailTemp = (Mail) mail.clone();
            mailTemp.setName("姓名" + i);
            mailTemp.setEmailAddress("姓名" + i + "@qq.com");
            mailTemp.setContent("恭喜:姓名" + i + "中奖了");
            MailUtil.sendMail(mailTemp);
        }
        MailUtil.saveOriginMailRecord(mail);
    }
}

• 示例2

public abstract class A implements Cloneable {

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

public class B extends A {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        B b = new B();

        b.clone();

    }
}

• 示例3

public class Pig implements Cloneable {

    private String name;

    private Date birthday;

    public Pig(String name, Date birthday) {
        this.name = name;
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Pig pig = (Pig) super.clone();
        pig.birthday = (Date) pig.birthday.clone();
        return pig;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Pig{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", birthday=" + birthday +
                '}' + super.toString();
    }
}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        Date birthday = new Date(0L);
        Pig pig1 = new Pig("佩奇", birthday);
        Pig pig2 = (Pig) pig1.clone();

        System.out.println(pig1);

        System.out.println(pig2);

        System.out.println("---------------------------");
        pig1.getBirthday().setTime(8888888888888L);
        System.out.println(pig1);
        System.out.println(pig2);
    }
}

重点是：clone()方法的使用

• 示例4
  解决克隆破坏问题

public class HungrySingleton implements Serializable, Cloneable {
    private final static HungrySingleton hungrySingleton;

    static {
        hungrySingleton = new HungrySingleton();
    }

    private HungrySingleton() {

    }

    public static HungrySingleton getInstance() {
        return hungrySingleton;
    }

    private Object readResolve() {
        return hungrySingleton;
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return getInstance();
    }
}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
 HungrySingleton hungrySingleton = HungrySingleton.getInstance();
        Method method = hungrySingleton.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("clone");
        method.setAccessible(true);

        HungrySingleton cloneHungrySingleton = (HungrySingleton) method.invoke(hungrySingleton);
        System.out.println(hungrySingleton);
        System.out.println(cloneHungrySingleton);
    }
}

重点是：clone()方法的使用

3. JDK案例分析