极限的运算法则
定理3
如果 lim f ( x ) = A \lim f(x)=A limf(x)=A, lim g ( x ) = B \lim g(x)=B limg(x)=B,那么
- lim [ f ( x ) ± g ( x ) ] = lim f ( x ) ± lim g ( x ) = A + B \lim[f(x)\pm g(x)]=\lim f(x)\pm \lim g(x)=A+B lim[f(x)±g(x)]=limf(x)±limg(x)=A+B;
- lim [ f ( x ) ⋅ g ( x ) ] = lim f ( x ) ⋅ lim g ( x ) = A ⋅ B \lim[f(x)\cdot g(x)]=\lim f(x)\cdot \lim g(x)=A\cdot B lim[f(x)⋅g(x)]=limf(x)⋅limg(x)=A⋅B;
- 若又有 B ≠ 0 B\not=0 B=0,则 l i m f ( x ) g ( x ) = lim f ( x ) lim g ( x ) = A B . lim\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}=\frac{\lim f(x)}{\lim g(x)}=\frac{A}{B}. limg(x)f(x)=limg(x)limf(x)=BA.
证:(感觉比较显然,但是书上面的证明过于麻烦,可以自己想一下证明方法)
推论1:如果 lim f ( x ) \lim f(x) limf(x) 存在,而 c c c 为常数,那么 lim [ c f ( x ) ] = c lim f ( x ) . \lim[c f(x)]=c\lim f(x). lim[cf(x)]=climf(x).
推论2:如果 lim f ( x ) \lim f(x) limf(x) 存在,而 n n n 是正整数,那么 lim [ f ( x ) ] n = [ lim f ( x ) ] n \lim[f(x)]^n=[\lim f(x)]^n lim[f(x)]n=[limf(x)]n
定理4
设有数列 { x n } \{x_n\} {xn} 和 { y n } \{y_n\} {yn}.如果 lim x → ∞ x n = A , lim x → ∞ y n = B , \lim_{x\to\infty}x_n=A,\lim_{x\to\infty}y_n=B, x→∞limxn=A,x→∞limyn=B,那么
- lim x → ∞ ( x n ± y n ) = A + B \lim_{x\to\infty}(x_n\pm y_n)=A+B limx→∞(xn±yn)=A+B;
- lim x → ∞ ( x n ⋅ y n ) = A ⋅ B \lim_{x\to\infty}(x_n\cdot y_n)=A\cdot B limx→∞(xn⋅yn)=A⋅B;
- 当 y n ≠ 0 ( n = 1 , 2 , … ) y_n\not=0(n=1,2,\dots) yn=0(n=1,2,…) 且 B ≠ 0 B\not=0 B=0 时, lim x → ∞ x n y n = A B \lim_{x\to\infty}\frac{x_n}{y_n}=\frac{A}{B} limx→∞ynxn=BA.
定理5
**如果 g ( X ) ≥ f ( x ) g(X)\geq f(x) g(X)≥f(x),而 lim g ( x ) = A , lim f ( x ) = B \lim g(x)=A,\lim f(x)=B limg(x)=A,limf(x)=B,那么 A ≥ B A\geq B A≥B.