学点英语口语

回归本心了,继续在博客写自己的学习记录。

1 问题梳理

最近由于存在一些技术上交流的需求,最近有需要用一些英语口语,发现自己的英语口语真是有够差的。开口只会主谓宾,I am a , This is, The most is .... 也不知道以前那些英语考试都是怎么过的。感觉听力还勉强过得去,就是这个口语真是开口就戛然而止。

先仔细思考一下目前口语存在的问题。

1、能够脱口而出的句式非常少;

2、词汇量非常低,常常因为想不到词而卡壳。口语对词汇的掌握需要是熟悉到张口就能来程度;

3、发音不标准;

由于是技术上交流的需求,所以形式上大多以PPT讲解和专业问题讨论为主,词汇也大多以电机控制领域的词汇为主。

怎么解决以上的问题呢?

我初步的想法是两个层面去解决,第一个是针对技术交流应用场景的特定英语口语培养,第二个是整体提高英语口语技能水平。

2 技术交流场景的口语

2.1 句式积累

我最大的问题之一就是句式了解的非常少,一个PPT来了不知道怎么去给老外或者底下的人讲清楚。换个思路,假如想想自己在读书和公司给同学同事将PPT用到的那些中文句式,张口就来。将他们换成英语口语会不会直接就来了。

引入主题

  • 这段时间我的主要工作是对....进行了探究工作;During these days, my main work has been focused on the improvements of current loops.
  • 在本次讲解中,我将要从以下几个方面介绍我的工作内容. In this presentation, I will introduce/discuss my work from a few different aspects.

过渡到下一部分

  • 首先,我们将针对......进行讨论. First, we will focus on .....
  • 接下来我们将探讨......  Next, we will explore
  • 现在,让我们关注......Now, let's turn our attention on ....

解释图表或数据

  • 根据这些数据,我们可以观察到............According to this data, we can observe that ....
  • 这里的趋势表明了............ The trend here indicates that ....
  • 实验结果如这些波形/图表所示,这些结果显示了...........The experimental results are shown in these waveforms/graphs, which illustrate that....

说明研究方法

  • 为了研究这个,我们采用了... In order to study this problem/
  • 我们进行了实验以确定... We conducted experiments to determine...
  • 本研究采用的方法包括...
  • 我们进行了实验以确定...的原因... We conducted experiments to figure out the reason why....

讨论结果

  • 实验结果表明.... The experimental results indicate that  .... 
  • 我们观察到了...之间显著的相关性. We observed a significant correlation between...
  • 为了说明...的有效性,进行了仿真和实验.  To demonstrate the effectiveness of..., simulations and experiments were conducted.

举例说明

  • 例如... For instance ....
  • 一个典型的例子是.... A typical example is ..... 
  • 一个关键的细节是...  A critical detail in the experimental results is that ....

总结重点

  • 总结一下,我们发现....In summary, we found that...
  • 总结来说,我们的研究强调了......In conclusion, our research highligted/emphasize that .....

2.2 词汇积累

词汇也分几种,一种是普通交流会用到的。一种是电控领域会用到的。只是作为了和老外普通交流还是没有那么多的,这个就靠自己一点一点填补了。这个我也列在这里吧,反正也没没多少人会看。也不怕丢人。

名词

  • permanent magnet synchronous motors  永磁同步电机PMSM;
  • inductance 电感;resistance 电阻;capacitor 电容;phase resistance 相电阻;line resistance 线电阻;coil 线圈;core 铁芯;
  • ohm 欧姆;henry 亨;farad 法拉;
  • load 负载;impedance load 感性负载;
  • field - oriented control 磁场定向控制 ; park transform 帕克变换;inverse park transform 逆帕克变换;clark transform 克拉克变换;
  • current 电流;voltage 电压;torque  转矩; magnetic flux 磁通,magnetic flux linkage 磁链; 
  • phase current 相电流;line current 线电流; phase voltage 相电压;line voltage 线电压;bus voltage 母线电压;dc-link voltage 母线电压;Voltage command 电压指令;
  • three-phase alternating current voltage 三相交流电压;three-phase AC voltage;
  • power 功率;mechanical power 机械功率;
  • loss 损耗;copper loss 铜损;iron loss 铁损;
  • efficiency 效率;
  • back electromotive force 反电动势;
  • vector 矢量;amplitude 幅值;phase 相位;absolute value 绝对值;
  • current sensor 电流传感器;voltage sensor 电压传感器;
  • integration 积分;differentiation 微分;proportion 比例;
  • current loop 电流环 ;current regulator 电流调节器 ; PI parameters pi参数 ;
  • Integrator 积分环节 ;bandwidth 带宽 ;Saturation coefficient 饱和系数;
  • modulation strategy 调制策略;modulation mode 调制模式;
  • fundamental frequency 基波频率;harmonic frequency 谐波频率;
  • stator 定子; rotor 转子;
  • pulsewidth modulation  脉宽调制策略PWM ; space vector pulsewidth modulation 空间矢量调制策略 ;voltage space vector 电压空间矢量;
  • modulation index 调制度;over-modulation 过调制;linear modulation 线性调制;
  • carrier 载波;carrier frequency 载波频率;carrier ratio 载波比;carrier period 载波周期;six -step 六拍波;
  • switching frequency 开关频率;switching period 开关周期;switching instance 开关时刻;sector 扇区;duty cycle 占空比;
  • sample frequency 采样频率;sample period 采样周期;sample point 采样点;
  • inverter 逆变器;converter 转换器;rectifier 整流器;
  • algorithm 算法;strategy 策略;method 方法;optimal algorithm 优化算法;
  • Controller 控制器;
  • control diagram 控制框图;Control principle 控制原理
  • model predictive control 模型预测控制 
  • PI regulator PI调节器;Pi controller PI控制器;
  • performance 性能  response speed 响应速度,tracking accuracy 跟踪精度;stability 稳定性;speed 快速性;accuracy 准确性;effectiveness 有效性;fast responce 快速的响应;
  • transfer function 传递函数
  • mathematical model 数学模型;module 模块;
  • first order 一阶;second order 二阶;
  • simulation 仿真;simulation result 仿真结果;waveform 波形;curve 波形;experiment result 实验结果;experiment platform 实验平台;data 数据,figure 实验图像;
  • relationship 关系;the relationship between A and B ...A和B的关系;
  • disturbance 扰动;disturbance rejection performance 抗扰性能;
  • abbreviation 缩写;

形容词;

  • accurate 精确的;fast 快速的;stable 稳定的;
  • import  重要的;critical 关键;
  • synchronous 同步的;asynchronous 异步的;

动词;

  • conduct 操作了;执行了;implement 执行了;
  • introduce 介绍;illustrate 距离说明;explain 解释说明;show 表明了;
  • figure out 明晰;
  • achieve 达到;get 达到;finish 完成;
  • derive 推导;modeling 建模;count 计算;
  • convert 转化为;
  • explore 探索;
  • be related to 与...相关;
  • optimize 优化;be optimized 被优化;
  • exhibit 具备;包含;存在;

今天先到这里了,明天整个例子试一下;就针对电流调节器的设计。

3 Simple Example

一些个非常简单的例子,用一些上面的内容。

3.1 以电流环为例子进行一个阐述

这段时间比如我做了电流环,我需要汇报的工作内容:1、完成了SVPWM调制模块的搭建。2、完成了电流环的参数设计;3、完成了电流环控制的仿真。

During these days, my main work has been focused on the construction of the current loop.

In this presentation, I will introduce my work from a few different aspects.

First, I would like to introduce something about space vector pulse-width modulation. Its abbreviation is SVPWM. SVPWM is a critical module in the control system. Voltage commands are converted into PWM duty cycles by SVPWM. Then these duty cycles can be implemented by the inverter.  The most important algorithm in SVPWM is the sector counting algorithm.  It is the sector counting algorithm that enables the motor to contain a synchronous flux linkage with the permanent magnet rotor. In order to study SVPWM, I have conducted the simulation of SVPWM in the simulink. The simulation results show that SVPWM can achieve the function described above.

Secondly, I had finished exploring the parameters design of the current loop.  The response speed and stability of the control system are determined by the performance of the current loop. Furthermore, the control performance of the current loop depends on the parameter's design of PI regulator.  In the process of this research, I explored how to achieve accurate modeling of motors. The PMSM is an impedance load, so its transfer function is first order. The design of PI parameters is strongly related to the inductance and resistance values of PMSM. I had finished deriving the mathematical relationship between PI and motor parameters. Simulation results validated the effectiveness of the mathematical relationship. A critical detail in the experimental results is that the current loop after optimized not only exhibits a fast response speed, but also demonstrates good disturbance rejection performance.

In conclusion, I have completed the mathematical modeling and simulation of the current inner loop, and the next phase will explore designing the speed loop.

OK,然后背一背,先把以上这些句式单词滚瓜烂熟了,背到烂熟于心。

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