映射类型(4种):
常见的及常用的:一对多、多对一。
一对多映射(one-to-many):
如何表示一对多的关联关系:
例子:一个班级对应多个学生。在班级中定义一个学生的集合。
在数据库中创建表student(学生表)和grade(班级表)
hibernate.cfg.xml(注意指定映射文件的路径):
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools. -->
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="dialect">
org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
</property>
<property name="connection.url">
jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
</property>
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">123456</property>
<property name="connection.driver_class">
com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
</property>
<property name="myeclipse.connection.profile">mysql</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- 指定映射文件的路径 -->
<mapping resource="com/entity/Grade.hbm.xml" />
<mapping resource="com/entity/Student.hbm.xml" />
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
创建实体类student和grade(注意实现Serializable接口):
package com.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Student implements Serializable{
private int sid; //学生编号
private String sname; //学生姓名
private String sex; //学生性别
public int getSid() {
return sid;
}
public void setSid(int sid) {
this.sid = sid;
}
public String getSname() {
return sname;
}
public void setSname(String sname) {
this.sname = sname;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public Student() {
super();
}
public Student(String sname, String sex) {
super();
this.sname = sname;
this.sex = sex;
}
}
package com.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class Grade implements Serializable {
private int gid; //班级编号
private String gname; //班级名称
private String gdesc; //班级详细信息
//建立一对多的关联关系:在一方(班级)定义一个多方(学生)的集合
private Set<Student> students=new HashSet<Student>(); //set集合元素不允许重复,元素没有顺序
public int getGid() {
return gid;
}
public void setGid(int gid) {
this.gid = gid;
}
public String getGname() {
return gname;
}
public void setGname(String gname) {
this.gname = gname;
}
public String getGdesc() {
return gdesc;
}
public void setGdesc(String gdesc) {
this.gdesc = gdesc;
}
public Set<Student> getStudents() {
return students;
}
public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
this.students = students;
}
public Grade() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public Grade(int gid, String gname, String gdesc, Set<Student> students) {
super();
this.gid = gid;
this.gname = gname;
this.gdesc = gdesc;
this.students = students;
}
public Grade(String gname, String gdesc) {
super();
this.gname = gname;
this.gdesc = gdesc;
}
}
Student.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.entity.Student" table="student">
<id name="sid" column="sid" type="java.lang.Integer">
<generator class="increment"></generator>
</id>
<property name="sname" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="sname" length="20" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<property name="sex" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="sex"></column>
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
Grade.hbm.xml(注意配置单向的一对多关联关系用到Set):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.entity.Grade" table="grade">
<id name="gid" column="gid" type="java.lang.Integer">
<generator class="increment"></generator>
</id>
<property name="gname" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="gname" length="20" not-null="true"></column>
</property>
<property name="gdesc" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="gdesc"></column>
</property>
<!-- 配置单向的一对多关联关系 -->
<set name="students" table="student">
<!-- 指定关联的外键列 -->
<key column="gid"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.entity.Student"></one-to-many>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
创建一个工具类HibernateUtil用于初始化hibernate、获取会话工厂和会话 、关闭会话:
package com.util;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
//工具类:初始化hibernate、获取会话工厂和会话 、关闭会话
public class HibernateUtil {
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory; //会话工厂
private static Session session;//会话
//静态代码块
static{ //初始化
//创建Configuration对象,读取hibernate.cfg.xml文件,完成初始化
Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
StandardServiceRegistryBuilder ssrb=new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
.applySettings(config.getProperties()); //StandardServiceRegistryBuilder:hibernate4.3之后才有
StandardServiceRegistry ssr=ssrb.build();
sessionFactory=config.buildSessionFactory(ssr);
}
//获取SessionFactory
public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory(){
return sessionFactory;
}
//获取Session
public static Session getSession(){
session=sessionFactory.openSession();
return session;
}
//关闭Session
public static void closeSession(Session session){ //参数是要关闭的session
if(session!=null){
session.close();
}
}
}
测试类Test,实现增删改查:
package com.entity;
import java.util.Set;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.util.HibernateUtil;
/**
* 单向一对多关联关系(班级(一方)指向学生(多方))
* 建立关联关系后,可以方便的从一个对象导航到另一个对象(注意是单向关联)
* */
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// add();
// findStudentsByGrade();
// update();
delete();
}
//将学生添加到班级
public static void add(){
//创建班级和学生
Grade g=new Grade("Java一班","Java软件开发一班");
Student stu1=new Student("张三","男");
Student stu2=new Student("穆女神","女");
//若要在学生表中添加对应的班级编号,需在班级中添加学生,建立关联关系
g.getStudents().add(stu1);
g.getStudents().add(stu2);
//保存
Session session=HibernateUtil.getSession(); //得到会话
Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction(); //开启事务
session.save(g);
session.save(stu1);
session.save(stu2);
tx.commit(); //提交事务
HibernateUtil.closeSession(session); //关闭session
}
//查询班级中包含的学生信息
public static void findStudentsByGrade(){
Session session=HibernateUtil.getSession(); //获得session
Grade grade=(Grade) session.get(Grade.class,1); //获取一个班级信息(本例查询ID为1的班级)
System.out.println(grade.getGname()+","+grade.getGdesc());
//得到学生集合
Set<Student> students=grade.getStudents();
for (Student student : students) {
System.out.println(student.getSname()+","+student.getSex());
}
}
//修改学生信息->将学生存储到另一个班级中
public static void update(){
//新建一个班级
Grade g=new Grade("Java二班","Java软件开发二班");
Session session=HibernateUtil.getSession();
Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction(); //开启事务,因为执行了更新操作
Student stu=(Student) session.get(Student.class, 1); //获取id为1的学生信息
g.getStudents().add(stu);
session.save(g);
tx.commit(); //提交事务
HibernateUtil.closeSession(session); //关闭session
}
//删除学生信息
public static void delete(){
Session session=HibernateUtil.getSession(); //得到会话
Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction(); //开启事务
//获得学生信息
Student stu=(Student) session.get(Student.class, 2); //获取id为2的学生信息
//删除这个学生
session.delete(stu);
tx.commit();
HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);
}
}
执行add方法,数据库:
grade表:
student表:
执行查询方法,控制台:
执行update,数据库:
grade表:
student表:
执行delete,数据库:
grade表:
student表:
Set元素的常用属性:
单向的一对多映射通过在一方定义一个多方的集合。在映射文件中通过Set元素进行一对多映射的配置。