深度解析spring源码IOC原理

走过路过不要错过

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IOC(Inversion of Control),即控制反转,意思是将对象的创建和依赖关系交给第三方容器处理,我们要用的时候告诉容器我们需要什么然后直接去拿就行了。

举个例子,我们有一个工厂,它生产各种产品,当你需要某个产品,比如你需要一辆汽车,你就告诉工厂你需要一辆汽车,工厂就会直接返回给你一辆汽车,而不需要你自己通过付出劳动来得到这辆汽车,你也不用关心工厂是如何生产这辆汽车。

对应到我们的程序中就是,IOC容器会帮我们创建和管理对象,当你告诉容器你需要某个对象时,容器会把这个对象返回给你,而不需要自己去new出一个对象来,对象的创建和管理会由容器自动进行,直接从容器中拿来用就可以了。

IOC可以说是Spring最核心的思想,它使我们的开发变得简单(对象之间的依赖关系可以通过配置文件或者注解来建立),对于这种优秀的设计思想,我们当然有必要研究一下它的底层实现原理。

首先我们来关注一个接口,源码如下:     

 package org.springframework.beans.factory;


import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.core.ResolvableType;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;


/**
 * 
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Chris Beams
 * @since 13 April 2001
 * 
 */
public interface BeanFactory {




    String FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX = "&";






    Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException;




    <T> T getBean(String name, @Nullable Class<T> requiredType) throws BeansException;




    Object getBean(String name, Object... args) throws BeansException;




    <T> T getBean(Class<T> requiredType) throws BeansException;




    <T> T getBean(Class<T> requiredType, Object... args) throws BeansException;






    boolean containsBean(String name);




    boolean isSingleton(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;




    boolean isPrototype(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;




    boolean isTypeMatch(String name, ResolvableType typeToMatch) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;




    boolean isTypeMatch(String name, @Nullable Class<?> typeToMatch) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;




    @Nullable
    Class<?> getType(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;




    String[] getAliases(String name);


}   

 这个接口便是spring核心的bean工厂定义,它是IOC容器的顶层接口,spring中所有bean工厂都直接或间接的继承或实现了这个接口。

我们平时使用的最多的ApplicationContext接口也继承了BeanFactory接口,因此它具有BeanFactory接口的所有功能,这里顺便提一下,从BeanFactory获取bean时,实例化BeanFactory容器并不会实例化所配置的bean,只有当使用某个bean(getBean)时,才会实时的实例化该bean;从ApplicationContext获取bean时,实例化ApplicationContext容器时会一并实例化容器中的所有的bean。

从BeanFactory的源码可以看出,它实现的核心功能就是根据名称或类型来返回一个bean实例。一个工厂如果要具备这种功能,结合工厂模式的思想,我们可以试想一下它需要具备以下几个条件:

1、持有各种bean的定义,只有拿到了bean的定义信息,才能根据这些信息进行实例化;

2、持有各种bean之间的依赖关系,如果一个类中持有对另一个类的引用,那么在对该类进行实例化时,必须根据类之间的依赖关系对相关类也进行实例化,因此,工厂必须获得类之间的依赖关系,否则无法正确实例化;

3、以上两种信息都依赖于我们的配置信息定义,比如xml配置文件,工厂需要一个工具来读取配置文件的信息。

以上是我们设想IOC的实现思路,只要满足以上三个条件,就能构造一个工厂,生产各种bean。但是我们还是有一些疑问,比如在第一个条件中,我们如何持有bean的定义呢?我们先来看另外一个接口:

package org.springframework.beans.factory.config;


import org.springframework.beans.BeanMetadataElement;
import org.springframework.beans.MutablePropertyValues;
import org.springframework.core.AttributeAccessor;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;


/**
 * 一个BeanDefinition描述一个bean实例具有的属性值,构造函数参数值,以及具体实现的进一步信息。
 * 
 * A BeanDefinition describes a bean instance, which has property values,
 * constructor argument values, and further information supplied by
 * concrete implementations.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Rob Harrop
 * @since 19.03.2004
 */
public interface BeanDefinition extends AttributeAccessor, BeanMetadataElement {




    String SCOPE_SINGLETON = ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_SINGLETON;




    String SCOPE_PROTOTYPE = ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE;




    int ROLE_APPLICATION = 0;




    int ROLE_SUPPORT = 1;




    int ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE = 2;




    void setParentName(@Nullable String parentName);




    @Nullable
    String getParentName();




    void setBeanClassName(@Nullable String beanClassName);




    @Nullable
    String getBeanClassName();




    void setScope(@Nullable String scope);




    @Nullable
    String getScope();




    void setLazyInit(boolean lazyInit);




    boolean isLazyInit();


    /**
     * Set the names of the beans that this bean depends on being initialized.
     * The bean factory will guarantee that these beans get initialized first.
     */
    void setDependsOn(String... dependsOn);


    /**
     * Return the bean names that this bean depends on.
     */
    @Nullable
    String[] getDependsOn();




    void setAutowireCandidate(boolean autowireCandidate);




    boolean isAutowireCandidate();




    void setPrimary(boolean primary);




    boolean isPrimary();




    void setFactoryBeanName(@Nullable String factoryBeanName);




    @Nullable
    String getFactoryBeanName();




    void setFactoryMethodName(@Nullable String factoryMethodName);




    @Nullable
    String getFactoryMethodName();




    ConstructorArgumentValues getConstructorArgumentValues();




    MutablePropertyValues getPropertyValues();




    boolean isSingleton();




    boolean isPrototype();




    boolean isAbstract();




    int getRole();




    @Nullable
    String getDescription();




    @Nullable
    String getResourceDescription();




    @Nullable
    BeanDefinition getOriginatingBeanDefinition();


}

BeanDefinition,顾名思义便是spring中的bean定义接口,spring的工厂里持有的就是此接口定义的内容。

从源码可以看出,这个接口继承了两个另外两个接口,一个是AttributeAccessor接口,继承这个接口就意味着BeanDefinition接口拥有了处理属性的能力,另外一个接口是BeanMetedataElement,它可以获得bean的配置定义的元素,对于xml文件来说就是会持有bean的标签。

从源码中我们可以看出,BeanDefinition接口定义了两个方法,分别是void setDependsOn(String... dependsOn)和String[] getDependsOn(),从方法的说明可以看出,这两个方法就是设置依赖的bean的名称和获取依赖的bean的名称,这就意味着只要我们有一个BeanDefinition,就能得到得到bean的定义信息和bean之间的依赖关系,从而可以生产一个完整的bean实例。

从上面两个接口,我们大致可以猜出spring是如何持有bean的定义信息及依赖关系了,没错,就是让bean工厂持有一个Map<String,BeanDefinition>,String型的beanName作为key,BeanDefinition型的bean定义作为value,这样就能生产一个bean实例。

BeanFactory接口当然不能持有这个map对象,那么一定是在它的某个实现类里所持有的,我们找到了这个实现类,来看看源码:

package org.springframework.beans.factory.support;


import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.NotSerializableException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.ref.Reference;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import javax.inject.Provider;


import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.TypeConverter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.CannotLoadBeanClassException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InjectionPoint;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectProvider;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.SmartFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.SmartInitializingSingleton;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.AutowireCapableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinitionHolder;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.NamedBeanHolder;
import org.springframework.core.OrderComparator;
import org.springframework.core.ResolvableType;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
import org.springframework.util.CompositeIterator;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;


/**
 * 基于bean definition对象的完整bean工厂
 * 
 * Default implementation of the
 * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.ListableBeanFactory} and
 * {@link BeanDefinitionRegistry} interfaces: a full-fledged bean factory
 * based on bean definition objects.
 *
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Sam Brannen
 * @author Costin Leau
 * @author Chris Beams
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @author Stephane Nicoll
 * @since 16 April 2001
 * @see StaticListableBeanFactory
 * @see PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader
 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory
        implements ConfigurableListableBeanFactory, BeanDefinitionRegistry, Serializable {


    @Nullable
    private static Class<?> javaxInjectProviderClass;


    static {
        try {
            javaxInjectProviderClass =
                    ClassUtils.forName("javax.inject.Provider", DefaultListableBeanFactory.class.getClassLoader());
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            // JSR-330 API not available - Provider interface simply not supported then.
            javaxInjectProviderClass = null;
        }
    }




    /** Map from serialized id to factory instance */
    private static final Map<String, Reference<DefaultListableBeanFactory>> serializableFactories =
            new ConcurrentHashMap<>(8);


    /** Optional id for this factory, for serialization purposes */
    @Nullable
    private String serializationId;


    /** Whether to allow re-registration of a different definition with the same name */
    private boolean allowBeanDefinitionOverriding = true;


    /** Whether to allow eager class loading even for lazy-init beans */
    private boolean allowEagerClassLoading = true;


    /** Optional OrderComparator for dependency Lists and arrays */
    @Nullable
    private Comparator<Object> dependencyComparator;


    /** Resolver to use for checking if a bean definition is an autowire candidate */
    private AutowireCandidateResolver autowireCandidateResolver = new SimpleAutowireCandidateResolver();


    /** Map from dependency type to corresponding autowired value */
    private final Map<Class<?>, Object> resolvableDependencies = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16);


    /** Map of bean definition objects, keyed by bean name */
    //beanFactory持有此map,这样就可以在任何时候获取bean的BeanDefinition来创建一个bean实例
    private final Map<String, BeanDefinition> beanDefinitionMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);


    /** Map of singleton and non-singleton bean names, keyed by dependency type */
    private final Map<Class<?>, String[]> allBeanNamesByType = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64);


    /** Map of singleton-only bean names, keyed by dependency type */
    private final Map<Class<?>, String[]> singletonBeanNamesByType = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64);


    /** List of bean definition names, in registration order */
    private volatile List<String> beanDefinitionNames = new ArrayList<>(256);


    /** List of names of manually registered singletons, in registration order */
    private volatile Set<String> manualSingletonNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(16);


    /** Cached array of bean definition names in case of frozen configuration */
    @Nullable
    private volatile String[] frozenBeanDefinitionNames;


    /** Whether bean definition metadata may be cached for all beans */
    private volatile boolean configurationFrozen = false;
}

DefaultListableBeanFactory类,这个类是默认的bean工厂实现类,这里只贴出了部分源码,完整的代码太长。我们来看其中的一行代码:

/** Map of bean definition objects, keyed by bean name */
    //beanFactory持有此map,这样就可以在任何时候获取bean的BeanDefinition来创建一个bean实例
    private final Map<String, BeanDefinition> beanDefinitionMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);

这行代码证明了我们的猜测,从方法是说明就可以看出这是bean定义的map对象,以bean的名称作为key。到这里思路就明确了,bean工厂的初始化就是往这个map对象里加东西,把我们xml文件里定义的bean填充到这个对象里,bean工厂就可以工作了。

那么怎样将xml文件配置的bean注册到这个map对象里呢?我们可以试试以下思路:

       1、需要一个工具来找到xml配置文件,可以称之为资源定位;

       2、需要一个Reader来读取xml配置信息,即DOM解析;

       3、将读取出来的信息注册到map对象里。

       以代码来验证一下,写一个Person类作为bean:

public class Person {


    public void work(){
        System.out.println("I am working...");
    }
}

创建一个applicationContext.xml配置文件,配置bean:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">


    <bean id="person" class="com.springframework.bean.test.Person"></bean>


</beans>

接下来写个测试类:

public class Client {


    public static void main(String[] args) {


        ClassPathResource classPathResource = new ClassPathResource("applicationContext.xml");


        DefaultListableBeanFactory defaultListableBeanFactory = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();


        XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(defaultListableBeanFactory);


        beanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(classPathResource);


        System.out.println(defaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinitionCount());


        Person person = (Person)defaultListableBeanFactory.getBean("person");


        person.work();


    }
}

执行结果如下:

七月 06, 2017 9:41:48 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext.xml]
1
I am working...

从结果可以看出,我们成功解析了xml文件,并注册了一个bean定义,通过getBean()方法成功返回了一个实例。上面的测试类用4行代码实现了bean工厂的初始化:

第一行,完成了资源定位;

第二行,创建了一个默认的bean工厂;

第三行,创建了一个Reader,这个Reader用来读取xml文件,将创建的defaultListableBeanFactory 作为参数传递给Reader,表示为此工厂创建Reader;

第四行,用Reader读取配置信息,并将解析的bean定义注册到defaultListableBeanFactory 中。

执行完以上四个步骤,bean工厂酒杯正确初始化了,接下来我们可以调用工厂的方法,以及获得bean实例。

但是在实际开发中不会这么复杂,spring可以更简单的一步到位,它是这么做的

public class TestSpringBeanFactory {


    public static void main(String[] args) {


        ApplicationContext ctx = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("src/applicationContext.xml");


        System.out.println(ctx.getBeanDefinitionCount());


        Person person = (Person) ctx.getBean("person");


        person.work();


    }


}

我们看看执行结果:

七月 06, 2017 9:42:55 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext@20ad9418: startup date [Thu Jul 06 21:42:55 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
七月 06, 2017 9:42:55 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [C:\Users\fangfuhai\workspace\spring-code-learning\src\applicationContext.xml]
1
I am working...

从结果可以看出,spring用一行代码就完成了我们四个步骤,仔细看看日志信息就可以发现,spring也是用XmlBeanDefinitionReader 来读取、解析并注册,同时在日志信息里还多了两行,这说明在这一行代码里,spring还做了更多的事情。

我们在new一个FileSystemXmlApplicationContext对象的时候,spring到底做了那些事情呢?

FileSystemXmlApplicationContext类的内容主要是定义了若干重载的构造方法,核心构造方法如下:

/**
     * Create a new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext with the given parent,
     * loading the definitions from the given XML files.
     * 
     * loading all bean definitions and creating all singletons.
     * Alternatively, call refresh manually after further configuring the context.
     * 
     */
    public FileSystemXmlApplicationContext(
            String[] configLocations, boolean refresh, @Nullable ApplicationContext parent)
            throws BeansException {


        super(parent);
        setConfigLocations(configLocations);
        if (refresh) {
            refresh();
        }
    }

从方法说明可以看出,在这个构造方法里加载所有bean定义并创建bean单例实例。其中的refresh()方法就是IOC容器初始化的入口,refresh()方法位AbstractApplicationContext类中,这是一个抽象类,它实现了ApplicationContext的基础功能,这里使用了模版方法模式,给实现它的子类提供了统一的模板:

@Override
    public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
        synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
            // Prepare this context for refreshing.
            prepareRefresh();


            // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.告诉子类刷新内部bean工厂
            ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();


            // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
            prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);


            try {
                // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
                postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);


                // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
                invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);


                // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
                registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);


                // Initialize message source for this context.
                initMessageSource();


                // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
                initApplicationEventMulticaster();


                // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
                onRefresh();


                // Check for listener beans and register them.
                registerListeners();


                // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
                finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);


                // Last step: publish corresponding event.
                finishRefresh();
            }


            catch (BeansException ex) {
                if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                    logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                            "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
                }


                // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
                destroyBeans();


                // Reset 'active' flag.
                cancelRefresh(ex);


                // Propagate exception to caller.
                throw ex;
            }


            finally {
                // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
                // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
                resetCommonCaches();
            }
        }
    }

 refresh()方法里列出了IOC容器初始化的步骤,第一个方法是初始化准备,这里只是设置启动日期和活动标识以及执行属性源的初始化。我们重点看第二个方法obtainFreshBeanFactory(),它告诉子类刷新内部bean工厂,返回了一个ConfigurableListableBeanFactory,跟踪这个方法:

/**
     * Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
     * @return the fresh BeanFactory instance
     * @see #refreshBeanFactory()
     * @see #getBeanFactory()
     */
    protected ConfigurableListableBeanFactory obtainFreshBeanFactory() {
        refreshBeanFactory();
        ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Bean factory for " + getDisplayName() + ": " + beanFactory);
        }
        return beanFactory;
    }
复制代码
protected abstract void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException;
/**
     * Return the internal bean factory of this application context.
     * Can be used to access specific functionality of the underlying factory.
     * 
     */
    ConfigurableListableBeanFactory getBeanFactory() throws IllegalStateException;

obtainFreshBeanFactory()方法的第一行调用了refreshBeanFactory()方法,这是一个抽象方法,由它的子类来实现,方法的第二行调用了getBeanFactory(),这是在其父接口中定义的一个空方法。抽象方法refreshBeanFactory()在其子类子类AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext中实现:

/**
     * This implementation performs an actual refresh of this context's underlying
     * bean factory, shutting down the previous bean factory (if any) and
     * initializing a fresh bean factory for the next phase of the context's lifecycle.
     * 
     * 此实现执行该上下文的底层bean工厂的实际刷新,关闭以前的bean工厂(如果有的话),
     * 并为上下文生命周期的下一阶段初始化一个新的bean工厂 
     */
    @Override
    protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {
        if (hasBeanFactory()) {
            destroyBeans();
            closeBeanFactory();
        }
        try {
            DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();
            beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());
            customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);
            loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);
            synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
                this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
            }
        }
        catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new ApplicationContextException("I/O error parsing bean definition source for " + getDisplayName(), ex);
        }
    }

这个方法被final关键字修饰,也就是说不可以被重写,IOC容器的初始化就是在这个方法中完成的。第一步先判断有没有现有的工厂,有的话就销毁掉,然后创建一个默认的工厂,也就是DefaultListableBeanFactory ,接下来两行代码是设置bean工厂的一些属性,注意看loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory)这行,当创建了一个默认的bean工厂后,加载bean定义,这跟我们上一章节使用原始方式初始化bean工厂类似。从这里不难看出,FileSystemXmlApplicationContext的构造方法中其实已经包含了我们上一章节中原始的初始化过程。接下来我们跟踪一下loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory)的实现,这个方法是由AbstractXmlApplicationContext抽象类实现的:

/**
     * Loads the bean definitions via an XmlBeanDefinitionReader.装载bean定义通过XmlBeanDefinitionReader
     *
     */
    @Override
    protected void loadBeanDefinitions(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException, IOException {
        // Create a new XmlBeanDefinitionReader for the given BeanFactory.
        XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);


        // Configure the bean definition reader with this context's
        // resource loading environment.
        beanDefinitionReader.setEnvironment(this.getEnvironment());
        beanDefinitionReader.setResourceLoader(this);
        beanDefinitionReader.setEntityResolver(new ResourceEntityResolver(this));


        // Allow a subclass to provide custom initialization of the reader,
        // then proceed with actually loading the bean definitions.
        initBeanDefinitionReader(beanDefinitionReader);
        loadBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionReader);
    }

方法的第一行首先定义了一个Reader,这个Reader就是用来读取xml配置文件的,最后一行就是真正载入bean定义的实现过程,代码如下:

/**
     * Load the bean definitions with the given XmlBeanDefinitionReader.
     * 
     */
    protected void loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader) throws BeansException, IOException {
        Resource[] configResources = getConfigResources();
        if (configResources != null) {
            reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configResources);
        }
        String[] configLocations = getConfigLocations();
        if (configLocations != null) {
            reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configLocations);
        }
    }

上面的方法调用了XmlBeanDefinitionReader类的loadBeanDefinitions(EncodedResource encodedResource)方法:

/**
     * Load bean definitions from the specified XML file.
     * rows BeanDefinitionStoreException in case of loading or parsing errors
     */
    public int loadBeanDefinitions(EncodedResource encodedResource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
        Assert.notNull(encodedResource, "EncodedResource must not be null");
        if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
            logger.info("Loading XML bean definitions from " + encodedResource.getResource());
        }


        Set<EncodedResource> currentResources = this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.get();
        if (currentResources == null) {
            currentResources = new HashSet<>(4);
            this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.set(currentResources);
        }
        if (!currentResources.add(encodedResource)) {
            throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
                    "Detected cyclic loading of " + encodedResource + " - check your import definitions!");
        }
        try {
            InputStream inputStream = encodedResource.getResource().getInputStream();
            try {
                InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(inputStream);
                if (encodedResource.getEncoding() != null) {
                    inputSource.setEncoding(encodedResource.getEncoding());
                }
                return doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource());
            }
            finally {
                inputStream.close();
            }
        }
        catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
                    "IOException parsing XML document from " + encodedResource.getResource(), ex);
        }
        finally {
            currentResources.remove(encodedResource);
            if (currentResources.isEmpty()) {
                this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.remove();
            }
        }
    }

从方法说明可以看出,这个方法是从指定的xml文件中加载bean定义,try块中的代码才是载入bean定义的过程。spring将资源返回的输入流包装以后传给了doLoadBeanDefinitions()方法,我们进入这个方法,代码如下:

/**
     * Actually load bean definitions from the specified XML file.
     * 
     */
    protected int doLoadBeanDefinitions(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource)
            throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
        try {
            Document doc = doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource);
            return registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource);
        }
        catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
            throw ex;
        }
        catch (SAXParseException ex) {
            throw new XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
                    "Line " + ex.getLineNumber() + " in XML document from " + resource + " is invalid", ex);
        }
        catch (SAXException ex) {
            throw new XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
                    "XML document from " + resource + " is invalid", ex);
        }
        catch (ParserConfigurationException ex) {
            throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
                    "Parser configuration exception parsing XML from " + resource, ex);
        }
        catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
                    "IOException parsing XML document from " + resource, ex);
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
                    "Unexpected exception parsing XML document from " + resource, ex);
        }
    }
/**
     * Actually load the specified document using the configured DocumentLoader.
     * 
     */
    protected Document doLoadDocument(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource) throws Exception {
        return this.documentLoader.loadDocument(inputSource, getEntityResolver(), this.errorHandler,
                getValidationModeForResource(resource), isNamespaceAware());
    }

从try块中的代码可以看出,spring使用documentLoader将资源转换成了Document资源,spring使用的documentLoader为DefaultDocumentLoader,loadDocument方法定义在此类中:

/**
     * Load the {@link Document} at the supplied {@link InputSource} using the standard JAXP-configured
     * XML parser.
     */
    @Override
    public Document loadDocument(InputSource inputSource, EntityResolver entityResolver,
            ErrorHandler errorHandler, int validationMode, boolean namespaceAware) throws Exception {


        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = createDocumentBuilderFactory(validationMode, namespaceAware);
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Using JAXP provider [" + factory.getClass().getName() + "]");
        }
        DocumentBuilder builder = createDocumentBuilder(factory, entityResolver, errorHandler);
        return builder.parse(inputSource);
    }

从这里不难看出,这就是我们非常熟悉的DOM解析xml了,可以想象spring是根据XSD文件规定的格式解析了xml文件的各节点及属性。我们再来回头看看registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource)方法,

/**
     * Register the bean definitions contained in the given DOM document.
     * Called by {@code loadBeanDefinitions}.
     * 
     */
    public int registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
        BeanDefinitionDocumentReader documentReader = createBeanDefinitionDocumentReader();
        int countBefore = getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount();
        documentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(doc, createReaderContext(resource));
        return getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount() - countBefore;
    }

方法说明很明确的告诉我们,这个方法是注册给定的DOM文档中包含的bean定义。到这里思路就很明确了,spring将包装的输入流解析成DOM文档,然后将DOM中包含的bean定义信息注册到IOC容器持有的Map<String,BeanDefinition>对象中。只要我们的IOC容器持有了bean定义,就能正确的生产bean实例。

通过阅读源码,我们分析了Spring IOC的实现原理。有些实现细节并没有去深究,更重要的是去理解它的核心思想和实现思路。

--END--

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