JAVA使用正则表达式

原文来自～～http://blog.csdn.net/laizhenhai88/article/details/7293418

主要是搞清楚matches()/lookingAt ()/find()这三个方法的区别，以及会使用replaceAll() replaceFirst() appendReplacement()  appendTail() ，请看代码

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1. package test; 
2.  
3. import java.util.regex.Matcher; 
4. import java.util.regex.Pattern; 
5.  
6. public class RegTest { 
7.     public static void main(String[] args) 
8.     { 
9.         Pattern reg = Pattern.compile("(20\\d{2})-([01]\\d)-([0-3]\\d)"); 
10.         Matcher matcher = null; 
11.         System.out.println(reg.pattern()); 
12.         matcher = reg.matcher("2012-02-25"); 
13.          
14.         //matches()方法尝试对整个目标字符展开匹配检测，是只有整个目标字符串完全匹配时才返回真值 
15.         if (matcher.matches()) 
16.         { 
17.             System.out.println("time:"+matcher.group(0)); 
18.             System.out.println("year:"+matcher.group(1)); 
19.             System.out.println("year:"+matcher.group(2)); 
20.             System.out.println("year:"+matcher.group(3)); 
21.         } 
22.          
23.         Pattern reg2 = Pattern.compile("\\d*"); 
24.         System.out.println(reg2.pattern()); 
25.         matcher = reg2.matcher("2012abcd"); 
26.          
27.         //lookingAt()方法将检测目标字符串是否以匹配的子串起始 
28.         if (matcher.lookingAt()) 
29.         { 
30.             System.out.println("num:"+matcher.group()); 
31.         } 
32.          
33.         Pattern reg3 = Pattern.compile("\\d+"); 
34.         System.out.println(reg3.pattern()); 
35.         matcher = reg3.matcher("asf2012abcd2011jdf2010jk"); 
36.          
37.         //find()方法尝试在目标字符串里查找下一个匹配子串 
38.         while(matcher.find()) 
39.         { 
40.             System.out.println("matcherStr:"+matcher.group()); 
41.         } 
42.          
43.         //appendReplacement() 将当前匹配子串替换为指定字符串，并且将替换后的子串以及其之前到上次匹配子串之后的字符串段添加到一个StringBuffer对象里 
44.         Pattern reg4 = Pattern.compile("(hello|goodbye)"); 
45.         matcher = reg4.matcher("sayhelloandsaygoodbyeandsayhelloandsaysomething"); 
46.         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); 
47.          
48.         while (matcher.find()){ 
49.             System.out.println("matcherStr:"+matcher.group()); 
50.             matcher.appendReplacement(sb, "IT"); 
51.             System.out.println("sb:"+sb); 
52.         } 
53.         //appendTail() 方法则将最后一次匹配工作后剩余的字符串添加到一个StringBuffer对象里 
54.         //可以在一次或多次调用 appendReplacement 方法后调用它来复制剩余的输入序列 
55.         matcher.appendTail(sb); 
56.         System.out.println("sb:"+sb); 
57.     } 
58. } 

package test; import java.util.regex.Matcher; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class RegTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Pattern reg = Pattern.compile("(20\\d{2})-([01]\\d)-([0-3]\\d)"); Matcher matcher = null; System.out.println(reg.pattern()); matcher = reg.matcher("2012-02-25"); //matches()方法尝试对整个目标字符展开匹配检测，是只有整个目标字符串完全匹配时才返回真值 if (matcher.matches()) { System.out.println("time:"+matcher.group(0)); System.out.println("year:"+matcher.group(1)); System.out.println("year:"+matcher.group(2)); System.out.println("year:"+matcher.group(3)); } Pattern reg2 = Pattern.compile("\\d*"); System.out.println(reg2.pattern()); matcher = reg2.matcher("2012abcd"); //lookingAt()方法将检测目标字符串是否以匹配的子串起始 if (matcher.lookingAt()) { System.out.println("num:"+matcher.group()); } Pattern reg3 = Pattern.compile("\\d+"); System.out.println(reg3.pattern()); matcher = reg3.matcher("asf2012abcd2011jdf2010jk"); //find()方法尝试在目标字符串里查找下一个匹配子串 while(matcher.find()) { System.out.println("matcherStr:"+matcher.group()); } //appendReplacement() 将当前匹配子串替换为指定字符串，并且将替换后的子串以及其之前到上次匹配子串之后的字符串段添加到一个StringBuffer对象里 Pattern reg4 = Pattern.compile("(hello|goodbye)"); matcher = reg4.matcher("sayhelloandsaygoodbyeandsayhelloandsaysomething"); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); while (matcher.find()){ System.out.println("matcherStr:"+matcher.group()); matcher.appendReplacement(sb, "IT"); System.out.println("sb:"+sb); } //appendTail() 方法则将最后一次匹配工作后剩余的字符串添加到一个StringBuffer对象里 //可以在一次或多次调用 appendReplacement 方法后调用它来复制剩余的输入序列 matcher.appendTail(sb); System.out.println("sb:"+sb); } }

输出结果如下：

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. (20\d{2})-([01]\d)-([0-3]\d) 
2. time:2012-02-25 
3. year:2012 
4. year:02 
5. year:25 
6. \d* 
7. num:2012 
8. \d+ 
9. matcherStr:2012 
10. matcherStr:2011 
11. matcherStr:2010 
12. matcherStr:hello 
13. sb:sayIT 
14. matcherStr:goodbye 
15. sb:sayITandsayIT 
16. matcherStr:hello 
17. sb:sayITandsayITandsayIT 
18. sb:sayITandsayITandsayITandsaysomething