对象赋值（=）、引用（&）、克隆（clone）的区别

error_reporting(E_ALL);
class Foo {
  private static $used;
  private $id;
  public function __construct() {
    $id = self::$used++;
  }
  public function __clone() {
    $id = self::$used++;
  }
}

$a = new Foo; // $a is a pointer pointing to Foo object 0
$b = $a; // $b is a pointer pointing to Foo object 0, however, $b is a copy of $a
$c = &$a; // $c and $a are now references of a pointer pointing to Foo object 0
echo '++17++';var_dump($a,$b,$c);

$a = new Foo; // $a and $c are now references of a pointer pointing to Foo object 1, $b is still a pointer pointing to Foo object 0
echo '++20++';var_dump($a,$b,$c);

unset($a); // A reference with reference count 1 is automatically converted back to a value. Now $c is a pointer to Foo object 1
//$a和$c，解除引用关系
//a 不存在，b Foo obj 0，c Foo obj 1
echo '++23++';var_dump($a,$b,$c);

$a = &$b; // $a and $b are now references of a pointer pointing to Foo object 0
$a = NULL; // $a and $b now become a reference to NULL. Foo object 0 can be garbage collected now
unset($b); // $b no longer exists and $a is now NULL
$a = clone $c; // $a is now a pointer to Foo object 2, $c remains a pointer to Foo object 1
unset($c); // Foo object 1 can be garbage collected now.
//b、c 不存在，a Foo obj 2
//clone 跟原来一样，但是一个新的对象

$c = $a; // $c and $a are pointers pointing to Foo object 2
unset($a); // Foo object 2 is still pointed by $c
$a = &$c; // Foo object 2 has 1 pointers pointing to it only, that pointer has 2 references: $a and $c;
const ABC = TRUE;
if(ABC) {
  $a = NULL; // Foo object 2 can be garbage collected now because $a and $c are now a reference to the same NULL value
} else {
  unset($a); // Foo object 2 is still pointed to $c
}

参考：
php.net