DNS的原理以及ipv6的简单配置

DNS的原理以及ipv6的简单配置

DNS的作用：

由于IP地址访问目标主机，不便于记忆，通过容易记忆的域名来标识主机位置，DNS用于域名和IP地址的互相解析

域名的层次划分：

根域：位于域名空间的最顶层，一般用一个 . 表示

顶级域：一般代表一种类型的组织机构或国家地区，如net、com、org、edu、mil、cn、jp、hk

二级域：用来标明顶级域内的一个特定的组织，国家顶级域下面的二级域名由国家网络部门统一管 理。如.cn顶级域名下面设置的二级域名：.com.cn .net.cn .edu.cn

子域：二级域下所创建的各级域统称为子域，各个组织或用户可以自由申请注册自己的域名。

主机：主机位于域名空间最下层，就是一台具体的计算机，如WWW、mail、都是具体的计算机名 字

整体可以用www.sina.com.cn. mail.sina.com.cn.来表示，这种表示方式成为FQDN（完全合格域名），也是这台主机在域名中的全名

DNS查询模式：

递归查询：

	DNS服务器一定会返回一个确切的查询结果
	客户端到DNS的查询
迭代查询：
	DNS服务器会返回一个已知的其他的DNS服务器，由请求者自行查询
	DNS服务器到DNS服务器的查询

ipv6的简单配置实验

一.实验拓扑

二.路由器中的配置

在R1的接口上开启ipv6地址自动生成

[H3C]int g0/0
[H3C-GigabitEthernet0/0]ipv6 add auto

在R1上查看g0/0口的链路本地地址

[H3C]display ipv6 interface brief
*down: administratively down
(s): spoofing
Interface                                 Physical Protocol IPv6 Address
GigabitEthernet0/0                        up       up       FE80::2ADF:BFFF:FE63:105（自动生成的ipv6地址）
GigabitEthernet0/1                        down     down     Unassigned
GigabitEthernet0/2                        down     down     Unassigned
GigabitEthernet5/0                        down     down     Unassigned
GigabitEthernet5/1                        down     down     Unassigned
GigabitEthernet6/0                        down     down     Unassigned
GigabitEthernet6/1                        down     down     Unassigned
Serial1/0                                 down     down     Unassigned
Serial2/0                                 down     down     Unassigned
Serial3/0                                 down     down     Unassigned
Serial4/0                                 down     down     Unassigned

在另一台路由器上ping该地址

[H3C]ping ipv6 -i g0/0 FE80::2ADF:BFFF:FE63:105
Ping6(56 data bytes) FE80::2ADF:C3FF:FE44:205 --> FE80::2ADF:BFFF:FE63:105, press CTRL+C to break
56 bytes from FE80::2ADF:BFFF:FE63:105, icmp_seq=0 hlim=64 time=1.000 ms
56 bytes from FE80::2ADF:BFFF:FE63:105, icmp_seq=1 hlim=64 time=2.000 ms
56 bytes from FE80::2ADF:BFFF:FE63:105, icmp_seq=2 hlim=64 time=3.000 ms
56 bytes from FE80::2ADF:BFFF:FE63:105, icmp_seq=3 hlim=64 time=0.000 ms
56 bytes from FE80::2ADF:BFFF:FE63:105, icmp_seq=4 hlim=64 time=1.000 ms

--- Ping6 statistics for FE80::2ADF:BFFF:FE63:105 ---
5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.000/1.400/3.000/1.020 ms
[H3C]%Jul  7 11:31:55:313 2025 H3C PING/6/PING_STATISTICS: Ping6 statistics for FE80::2ADF:BFFF:FE63:105: 5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.000/1.400/3.000/1.020 ms.

当然也可以自己配置ipv6的地址

用ipv6 addresss 【ipv6 地址】配置

[H3C-GigabitEthernet0/0]ipv6 add 2001::1/64
[H3C]display ipv6 interface brief 
*down: administratively down
(s): spoofing
Interface                                 Physical Protocol IPv6 Address
GigabitEthernet0/0                        up       up       2001::1（所配ipv6地址）
GigabitEthernet0/1                        down     down     Unassigned
GigabitEthernet0/2                        down     down     Unassigned
GigabitEthernet5/0                        down     down     Unassigned
GigabitEthernet5/1                        down     down     Unassigned
GigabitEthernet6/0                        down     down     Unassigned
GigabitEthernet6/1                        down     down     Unassigned
Serial1/0                                 down     down     Unassigned
Serial2/0                                 down     down     Unassigned
Serial3/0                                 down     down     Unassigned
Serial4/0                                 down     down     Unassigned

同样用另一台路由器pingR1

[H3C]ping ipv6 -i g0/0 2001::1
Ping6(56 data bytes) FE80::2ADF:C3FF:FE44:205 --> 2001::1, press CTRL+C to break
56 bytes from 2001::1, icmp_seq=0 hlim=64 time=2.000 ms
56 bytes from 2001::1, icmp_seq=1 hlim=64 time=1.000 ms
56 bytes from 2001::1, icmp_seq=2 hlim=64 time=1.000 ms
56 bytes from 2001::1, icmp_seq=3 hlim=64 time=1.000 ms
56 bytes from 2001::1, icmp_seq=4 hlim=64 time=1.000 ms

--- Ping6 statistics for 2001::1 ---
5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.000/1.200/2.000/0.400 ms
[H3C]%Jul  7 11:35:26:669 2025 H3C PING/6/PING_STATISTICS: Ping6 statistics for 2001::1: 5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 1.000/1.200/2.000/0.400 ms.