Hibernate如何扩展

原文地址：https://developer.jboss.org/wiki/HibernateFAQ-PerformanceQA

But how does it scale?

Hibernate implements an extremely high-concurrency architecture with no resource-contention issues (apart from the obvious - contention for access to the database). This architecture scales extremely well as concurrency increases in a cluster or on a single machine.

 

A more difficult question is how efficiently Hibernate utilizes（利用） memory under heavy load.

 

Since there is no sharing of objects between concurrent threads (like EJB 2.x entity beans), and since Hibernate does not automatically do instance-pooling (unlike EJB 2.x entity beans), you might think that memory utilization would be less efficient, and this may be true to an extent. However, our experience with real Java applications is that the benefits of instance-pooling are almost negated by common Java coding style. Very often programmers create a new HashMap in ejbLoad.... or return a new Integer from a method call .... or do some string manipulations. Furthermore, every time you load and then passivate a bean, every non-primitive field of the bean is garbage, not to mention whatever garbage the JDBC driver leaves behind. All these kinds of operations leave behind as much garbage as we avoided by doing instance-pooling.

 

Please note that Hibernate is not a competitor to EJB. In fact,  Hibernate EntityManager and Annotations implement a persistence service for EJB 3.0 entity beans, on top of the Hibernate Core architecture.

 

All this leads to Hibernate not needing a locking or synchronization mechanism, in memory, or to a lock table on disk. As stated earlier, Hibernate completely relies on the database management systems ability to deal with concurrent access; the experience of the DBMS vendors（卖主） in this area should be used.

 

The other side of scalability is downward scalability. While it wasn't designed with small devices in mind, Hibernate nevertheless has a small footprint and could be used on machines with much less memory than you would need to run an application server. If it can run a JVM and a database, it should be able to run Hibernate.