一、Action是对Servlet的封装,实现了与Servlet相关的API的解耦,简化开发。
通过ActionContext类调用Servlet API
ActionContext类的对象表示Action的上下文对象,常用方法如下:
案例:
新建Test1Action类
public class Test1Action extends ActionSupport {
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
//ActionContext表示Action的上下文对象,类似于Map
//框架会把HttpServletRequest里的属性值获取出来,形成map集合 解耦
Map<String,Object> req = (Map<String, Object>) ActionContext.getContext().get("request");
//reqeust.setAttribute(key,value)
req.put("username", "哈登");
//request.getAttribute(key)
System.out.println(req.get("username"));
return SUCCESS;
}
}
测试页面test1.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
${requestScope.username}
</body>
</html>
在struts.xml配置Test1Action
测试:在浏览器地址栏中输入地址http://localhost:8080/struts2_day02/test1.action,跳转到test1.jsp页面,发现通过el表达式能取出request中的属性值.
案例 :获取参数集合
浏览器输入地址:http://localhost:8080/struts2_day02/test1.action?username=凯文,向Action传递一个名字叫username的参数
在Action类中获取username参数
public class Test1Action extends ActionSupport{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
//ActionContext表示Action的上下文对象,类似于Map
//框架会把HttpServletRequest里的属性值获取出来,形成map集合 解耦
Map<String,Object> req = (Map<String, Object>) ActionContext.getContext().get("request");
//reqeust.setAttribute(key,value)
req.put("username", "哈登");
//request.getAttribute(key)
System.out.println(req.get("username"));
//HttpSession
Map<String,Object> session = ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
//session.setAttribute(key,value)
session.put("username", "威少");
//ServletContext
Map<String,Object> application = ActionContext.getContext().getApplication();
application.put("username", "库里");
System.out.println(application.get("username"));
Map<String,Object> params = ActionContext.getContext().getParameters();
//request.getParameter(key)
// System.out.println(params.get("username"));
String[] array = (String[]) params.get("username");
System.out.println(array[0]);
return SUCCESS;
}
}
二、通过实现Aware接口调用Servlet API*
Sruts2框架提供了一些Aware接口,帮助我们访问Servlet API:
案例:
-
创建Test2Action类,依次实现RequestAware接口,SessionAware接口,ApplicationAware接口,ParameterAware接口
public class Test2Action extends ActionSupport implements RequestAware,SessionAware,ApplicationAware,ParameterAware{
private Map<String,Object> request;
private Map<String, Object> session;
private Map<String, Object> application;
private Map<String, String[]> parameters;@Override public String execute() throws Exception { request.put("username", "张三"); System.out.println(request.get("username")); System.out.println(parameters.get("username")[0]); return SUCCESS; } /** * 框架会自动调用setRequest方法,把HttpServletRequest解耦后得到的那个map通过该方法注入到程序里来 */ @Override public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> request) { System.out.println("调用了setRequest方法"); this.request = request; } /** * 框架会自动调用setSession方法,把HttpSession解耦后得到的那个map注入到程序里来 */ @Override public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) { this.session = session; } /** * 框架会自动调用setApplication方法,把ServletConext解耦后得到的那个map注入到程序里来 */ @Override public void setApplication(Map<String, Object> application) { this.application = application; } @Override public void setParameters(Map<String, String[]> parameters) { this.parameters = parameters; }
在struts.xml中配置Test2Action
<struts>
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="test1" class="cn.itcast.action.Test1Action">
<result>
/test1.jsp
</result>
</action>
<action name="test2" class="cn.itcast.action.Test2Action">
<result>
/test1.jsp
</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
测试发现:页面上也能通过el表达式取到reqeust、session、application、parameter中的值
三、通过ServletActionContext类调用Servlet API
public class Test3Action extends ActionSupport{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest req = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
ServletActionContext.getResponse();
HttpSession session = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getSession();
ServletContext sc = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
return NONE;
}
}
小结:
- ActionContext + ***Aware 这两种方式成为 “间接调用Servlet api”(解耦)
- ServletActionContext的方式称为 “直接方法”(非解耦)
- 推荐使用ActionContext和实现Aware接口的形式*,因为是解耦的形式。但是在有些地方必须使用ServletActionContext,例如在后边的文件下载里,需要获取文件的类型,就要使用ServletActionContext