数据库中列变成行

       ORACLE中

       手术医师        助手医师         洗手护士      巡回护士      麻醉医师       OPERATIONNO

                                                         吴一琼                                                      2013041109132437
                                                                                刘佳                                   2013041109132437
         龚巍                                                                                                          2013041109132437
                                                                                                                           2013041109132437
                                                                                                        李华#         2013041109132437

                                                                                                       仇正平        2013041109132437

SELECT wmsys.wm_concat (case when duty='001' then trim(empl_name) END) as 手术医师,
        wmsys.wm_concat (case when duty='003' then trim(empl_name) END) as 助手医师,
        wmsys.wm_concat (case when duty='012' then trim(empl_name) END) as 洗手护士,
        wmsys.wm_concat (case when duty='013' then trim(empl_name) END) as 巡回护士,
        wmsys.wm_concat(case when duty='101' then trim(empl_name) END) as 麻醉医师,
        his.OP_PERSONARR.operationno
 FROM  his.OP_PERSONARR
 WHERE  operationno='2013041109132437'
 GROUP BY operationno

SERVER 中

方法一：

if not object_id('Tab') is null 
    drop table Tab 
Go 
Create table Tab([Col1] int,[Col2] nvarchar(1)) 
Insert Tab 
select 1,N'a' union all 
select 1,N'b' union all 
select 1,N'c' union all 
select 2,N'd' union all 
select 2,N'e' union all 
select 3,N'f' 
Go 
 
合并表: 
 
SQL2000用函数: 
 
go 
if object_id('F_Str') is not null 
    drop function F_Str 
go 
create function F_Str(@Col1 int) 
returns nvarchar(100) 
as 
begin 
    declare @S nvarchar(100) 
    select @S=isnull(@S+',','')+Col2 from Tab where Col1=@Col1 
    return @S 
end 
go 
Select distinct Col1,Col2=dbo.F_Str(Col1) from Tab 
 
go 
 
SQL2005用XML: 
 
方法1: 
 
select 
    a.Col1,Col2=stuff(b.Col2.value('/R[1]','nvarchar(max)'),1,1,'') 
from 
    (select distinct COl1 from Tab) a 
Cross apply 
    (select COl2=(select N','+Col2 from Tab where Col1=a.COl1 For XML PATH(''), ROOT('R'), TYPE))b 
 
方法2: 
 
select 
    a.Col1,COl2=replace(b.Col2.value('/Tab[1]','nvarchar(max)'),char(44)+char(32),char(44)) 
from 
    (select distinct COl1 from Tab) a 
cross apply 
    (select Col2=(select COl2 from Tab  where COl1=a.COl1 FOR XML AUTO, TYPE) 
                .query(' <Tab> 
                {for $i in /Tab[position() <last()]/@COl2 return concat(string($i),",")} 
                {concat("",string(/Tab[last()]/@COl2))} 
                </Tab>') 
                )b 
 
SQL05用CTE: 
 
;with roy as(select Col1,Col2,row=row_number()over(partition by COl1 order by COl1) from Tab) 
,Roy2 as 
(select COl1,cast(COl2 as nvarchar(100))COl2,row from Roy where row=1 
union all 
select a.Col1,cast(b.COl2+','+a.COl2 as nvarchar(100)),a.row from Roy a join Roy2 b on a.COl1=b.COl1 and a.row=b.row+1) 
select Col1,Col2 from Roy2 a where row=(select max(row) from roy where Col1=a.COl1) order by Col1 option (MAXRECURSION 0) 
 
 
生成结果: 
/* 
Col1        COl2 
----------- ------------ 
1          a,b,c 
2          d,e 
3          f 
 
(3 行受影响) 
*/ 

方法二：

合并列值 
--*******************************************************************************************
表结构，数据如下： 
id    value 
----- ------ 
1    aa 
1    bb 
2    aaa 
2    bbb 
2    ccc 
 
需要得到结果： 
id    values 
------ ----------- 
1      aa,bb 
2      aaa,bbb,ccc 
即：group by id, 求 value 的和（字符串相加） 
 
1. 旧的解决方法(在sql server 2000中只能用函数解决。) 
--=============================================================================
create table tb(id int, value varchar(10)) 
insert into tb values(1, 'aa') 
insert into tb values(1, 'bb') 
insert into tb values(2, 'aaa') 
insert into tb values(2, 'bbb') 
insert into tb values(2, 'ccc') 
go 
--1. 创建处理函数 
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.f_strUnite(@id int) 
RETURNS varchar(8000) 
AS 
BEGIN 
    DECLARE @str varchar(8000) 
    SET @str = '' 
    SELECT @str = @str + ',' + value FROM tb WHERE id=@id 
    RETURN STUFF(@str, 1, 1, '') 
END 
GO 
-- 调用函数 
SELECt id, value = dbo.f_strUnite(id) FROM tb GROUP BY id 
drop table tb 
drop function dbo.f_strUnite 
go
/* 
id          value      
----------- ----------- 
1          aa,bb 
2          aaa,bbb,ccc 
（所影响的行数为 2 行） 
*/ 
--===================================================================================
2. 新的解决方法(在sql server 2005中用OUTER APPLY等解决。) 
create table tb(id int, value varchar(10)) 
insert into tb values(1, 'aa') 
insert into tb values(1, 'bb') 
insert into tb values(2, 'aaa') 
insert into tb values(2, 'bbb') 
insert into tb values(2, 'ccc') 
go 
-- 查询处理 
SELECT * FROM(SELECT DISTINCT id FROM tb)A OUTER APPLY( 
        SELECT [values]= STUFF(REPLACE(REPLACE( 
            ( 
                SELECT value FROM tb N 
                WHERE id = A.id 
                FOR XML AUTO 
            ), ' <N value="', ','), '"/>', ''), 1, 1, '') 
)N 
drop table tb 
 
/* 
id          values 
----------- ----------- 
1          aa,bb 
2          aaa,bbb,ccc 
 
(2 行受影响) 
*/ 
 
--SQL2005中的方法2 
create table tb(id int, value varchar(10)) 
insert into tb values(1, 'aa') 
insert into tb values(1, 'bb') 
insert into tb values(2, 'aaa') 
insert into tb values(2, 'bbb') 
insert into tb values(2, 'ccc') 
go 
 
select id, [values]=stuff((select ','+[value] from tb t where id=tb.id for xml path('')), 1, 1, '') 
from tb 
group by id 
 
/* 
id          values 
----------- -------------------- 
1          aa,bb 
2          aaa,bbb,ccc 
 
(2 row(s) affected) 
 
*/ 
 
drop table tb