shell 编程：tr学习

tr（translate缩写）主要用于删除文件中的控制字符，或进行字符转换。
语法：tr [–c/d/s/t] [SET1] [SET2]
SET1: 字符集1
SET2：字符集2
-c:complement，用SET2替换SET1中没有包含的字符
-d:delete，删除SET1中所有的字符，不转换
-s: squeeze-repeats，压缩SET1中重复的字符
-t: truncate-set1，将SET1用SET2转换，一般缺省为-t

[root@localhost test]# cat test.txt
byte_order little
block_size  8192
data_path   data
lob_path    lob
charset_name ZHS16GBK
ncharset_name AL32UTF8
output_format text
lob_storage file
clob_byte_order little
trace_level 1
delimiter |

替换小写d至i为大写（-t可省略）：

[root@localhost test]# cat test.txt |tr 'd-i' 'D-I'
或
[root@localhost test]# cat test.txt |tr -t 'd-i' 'D-I'
bytE_orDEr lIttlE
block_sIzE  8192
Data_patH   Data
lob_patH    lob
cHarsEt_namE ZHS16GBK
ncHarsEt_namE AL32UTF8
output_Format tExt
lob_storaGE FIlE
clob_bytE_orDEr lIttlE
tracE_lEvEl 1
DElImItEr |

删除字符‘e'：
[root@localhost test]# cat test.txt |tr -d 'e'
byt_ordr littl
block_siz  8192
data_path   data
lob_path    lob
charst_nam ZHS16GBK
ncharst_nam AL32UTF8
output_format txt
lob_storag fil
clob_byt_ordr littl
trac_lvl 1
dlimitr |

过滤：只显示定义的字母

[root@localhost test]# sed -n '2p' test.txt
block_size  8192
[root@localhost test]# sed -n '2p' test.txt |tr -d -c 'a-z \n'
blocksize 
[root@localhost test]#
[root@localhost test]# sed -n '5,6p' test.txt |tr -cs "[a-z][A-Z]" "\n"
charset
name
ZHS
GBK
ncharset
name
AL
UTF

[root@localhost test]# sed -n '5,6p' test.txt
charset_name ZHS16GBK
ncharset_name AL32UTF8
[root@localhost test]#

去重：
[root@localhost test]# sed -n '9p' test.txt | tr -s [a-z]
clob_byte_order litle
[root@localhost test]# sed -n '9p' test.txt | tr -s 'a-z'
clob_byte_order litle
[root@localhost test]#
[root@localhost test]# sed -n '9p' test.txt
clob_byte_order little
[root@localhost test]#

去重：压缩掉空格：

[root@localhost test]# sed -n '4p' test.txt
lob_path    lob
[root@localhost test]# sed -n '4p' test.txt |tr -s '   '
lob_path lob