下面给出得Log4J配置文件实现了输出到控制台，文件，回滚文件，发送日志邮件，输出到数据库日志表，自定义标签等全套功能。 |
使用XML配置文件
首先，看看下面的XML配置文件示例：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">
<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/">
<appender name="ConsoleAppender" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.SimpleLayout"/>
</appender>
<root>
<priority value ="debug" />
<appender-ref ref="ConsoleAppender"/>
</root>
</log4j:configuration> 文件以标准的XML声明作为开始，后面跟着指出DTD（文档类型定义）的DOCTYPE声明，它定义了XML文件的结构，例如，什么元素可以嵌入在其他元素中等等。上面文件在log4j发行版的src/java/org/apache/log4j/xml目录中。 接着看看封装所有元素的 log4j:configuration 元素，它在DOCTYPE声明中被指定为根元素。嵌入在根元素中有两个结构：
<appender name="ConsoleAppender" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.SimpleLayout"/>
</appender>
这里创建一个名叫"ConsoleAppender"的 Appender，注意，你可以选择任何名字，该示例之所以选择"ConsoleAppender"，完全是为了示例的设计。接着这个appender类以全名形式给出，经常用规范（fully qualified）类名。 Appender必须具有一个指定的 name和class。嵌入在 Appender之内的是 layout元素，这里它被指定为SimpleLayout。 Layout 必须具有一个 class属性。
<root>
<priority value ="debug" />
<appender-ref ref="ConsoleAppender"/>
</root>
root元素必须存在且不能被子类化。示例中的优先级被设置为"debug"，设置appender饱含一个appender-ref元素。还有更多的属性或元素可以指定。查看log4j发行版中的src/java/org/apache/log4j/xml/log4j.dtd以了解关于XML配置文件结构的更多信息。可以用下面这种方法把配置信息文件读入到Java程序中:
DOMConfigurator.configure("configurationfile.xml");
//DOMConfigurator 用一棵DOM树来初始化log4j环境。这里是示例中的XML配置文件：configurationfile.xml。这里是执行该配置文件的java程序:
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator;
public class externalxmltest {
static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(filetest.class);
public static void main(String args[]) {
DOMConfigurator.configure("xmllog4jconfig.xml");
logger.debug("Here is some DEBUG");
logger.info("Here is some INFO");
logger.warn("Here is some WARN");
logger.error("Here is some ERROR");
logger.fatal("Here is some FATAL");
}
}
对于带有PatternLayout的FileAppender的日志记录器Logger的XML配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">
<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/">
<appender name="appender" class="org.apache.log4j.FileAppender">
<param name="File" value="Indentify-Log.txt"/>
<param name="Append" value="true"/>
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d [%t] %p - %m%n"/>
</layout>
</appender>
<root>
<priority value ="info"/>
<appender-ref ref="appender"/>
</root>
</log4j:configuration>
log4j日志写入数据库
首先创建一数据库表:
| 字段 | 描述 |
| GUID | 流水号 IDENTITY (1, 1) |
| DATE | 时间 |
| THREAD | 当前线程 |
| LEVEL | 当前级别 |
| CLASS | 当前类的java程序/方法 |
| MESSAGES | 当前输出信息 |
| EXCEPTION | 异常信息 |
log4j.properties如下配置:
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,CONSOLE,DATABASE
import sun.jdbc.odbc.*;
import java.sql.*;
import org.apache.log4j.Category;
import org.apache.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator;
import org.apache.log4j.jdbc.*;
public class Write2Database{
public static void main(String[] args){
static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger
( write2database.class.getName () ) ;
PropertyConfigurator.configure ( "log4j2database.properties" ) ;
logger.info ( "test" ) ;
}
}
运行起来，你就会看到有这样的sql语句被执行了：
INSERT INTO jws_log VALUES ('2006-01-18 17:50:22', 'main', 'INFO', 'Wite2Database.main(Write2Database.java:18)', 'test', '')
注意：在赛迪论坛上有一个笔者按照上述类似的方法没有运行成功，现将他所出现的问题和解决方法转载。
上述方法是利用传统的数据库连接方法，对于数据库的管理和效率严重不足，在现在这个连接池横行的时代,为什么我们不能给给Log4j配上连接池，让Log4j利用数据连接池的连接和数据库进行通讯。现查看Log4j的Api,发现JDBCAppender这个类有以下几段话：WARNING: This version of JDBCAppender is very likely to be completely replaced in the future. Moreoever, it does not log exceptions. The JDBCAppender provides for sending log events to a database.
For use as a base class:
- Override
getConnection()to pass any connection you want. Typically this is used to enable application wide connection pooling. - Override
closeConnection(Connection con)-- if you override getConnection make sure to implementcloseConnectionto handle the connection you generated. Typically this would return the connection to the pool it came from. - Override
getLogStatement(LoggingEvent event)to produce specialized or dynamic statements. The default uses the sql option value.
原来log4j建议我们把其提供的JDBCAppender作为基类来使用，然后Override三个父类的方法：getConnection(),closeConnection(Connection con)和getLogStatement(LoggingEvent event)。
原来如此，那就写一个子类JDBCPoolAppender来替代这个JDBCAppender
JDBCPoolAppender代码和其相关代码如下：
JDBCPoolAppender.java:
package common.log;
import java.sql.Connection;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.ErrorCode;
import org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout;
import common.sql.MyDB;
import common.sql.GeneralDb;
public class JDBCPoolAppender extends org.apache.log4j.jdbc.JDBCAppender {
private MyDB mydb = null;
protected String sqlname=""; //增加一个数据库jndiName的属性
protected Connection connection = null;
protected String sqlStatement = "";
/**
* size of LoggingEvent buffer before writting to the database.
* Default is 1.
*/
protected int bufferSize = 1;
public JDBCPoolAppender() {
super();
}
/**
* ArrayList holding the buffer of Logging Events.
*/
public void append(LoggingEvent event) {
buffer.add(event);
if (buffer.size() >= bufferSize)
flushBuffer();
}
/**
* By default getLogStatement sends the event to the required Layout object.
* The layout will format the given pattern into a workable SQL string.
*
* Overriding this provides direct access to the LoggingEvent
* when constructing the logging statement.
*
*/
protected String getLogStatement(LoggingEvent event) {
return getLayout().format(event);
}
/**
*
* Override this to provide an alertnate method of getting
* connections (such as caching). One method to fix this is to open
* connections at the start of flushBuffer() and close them at the
* end. I use a connection pool outside of JDBCAppender which is
* accessed in an override of this method.
* */
protected void execute(String sql) throws SQLException {
Connection con = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
con = getConnection();
stmt = con.createStatement();
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
} catch (SQLException e) {
if (stmt != null)
stmt.close();
throw e;
}
stmt.close();
closeConnection(con);
//System.out.println("Execute: " + sql);
}
/**
* Override this to return the connection to a pool, or to clean up the
* resource.
*
* The default behavior holds a single connection open until the appender
* is closed (typically when garbage collected).
*/
protected void closeConnection(Connection con) {
mydb=null;
try {
if (connection != null && !connection.isClosed())
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
errorHandler.error("Error closing connection", e,
ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
}
}
/**
* Override 此函数来利用连接池返回一个Connetion对象
*
*/
protected Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
try {
mydb = GeneralDb.getInstance(sqlname);
connection = mydb.getConnection();
} catch (Exception e) {
errorHandler.error("Error opening connection", e, ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
}
return connection;
}
/**
* Closes the appender, flushing the buffer first then closing the default
* connection if it is open.
*/
public void close() {
flushBuffer();
try {
if (connection != null && !connection.isClosed())
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
errorHandler.error("Error closing connection", e,
ErrorCode.GENERIC_FAILURE);
}
this.closed = true;
}
/**
* loops through the buffer of LoggingEvents, gets a
* sql string from getLogStatement() and sends it to execute().
* Errors are sent to the errorHandler.
*
* If a statement fails the LoggingEvent stays in the buffer!
*/
public void flushBuffer() {
//Do the actual logging
removes.ensureCapacity(buffer.size());
for (Iterator i = buffer.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
try {
LoggingEvent logEvent = (LoggingEvent) i.next();
String sql = getLogStatement(logEvent);
execute(sql);
removes.add(logEvent);
} catch (SQLException e) {
errorHandler.error("Failed to excute sql", e,
ErrorCode.FLUSH_FAILURE);
}
}
// remove from the buffer any events that were reported
buffer.removeAll(removes);
// clear the buffer of reported events
removes.clear();
}
/** closes the appender before disposal */
public void finalize() {
close();
}
/**
* JDBCAppender requires a layout.
* */
public boolean requiresLayout() {
return true;
}
/**
*
*/
public void setSql(String s) {
sqlStatement = s;
if (getLayout() == null) {
this.setLayout(new PatternLayout(s));
} else {
((PatternLayout) getLayout()).setConversionPattern(s);
}
}
/**
* Returns pre-formated statement eg: insert into LogTable (msg) values ("%m")
*/
public String getSql() {
return sqlStatement;
}
public void setSqlname(String sqlname){
sqlname=sqlname;
}
public String getSqlname(){
return sqlname;
}
public void setBufferSize(int newBufferSize) {
bufferSize = newBufferSize;
buffer.ensureCapacity(bufferSize);
removes.ensureCapacity(bufferSize);
}
public int getBufferSize() {
return bufferSize;
}
}
MyDB.java:
package common.sql;
import java.sql.*;
import com.codestudio.sql.*; //引入开源项目Poolman数据库连接池的包
public class MyDB {
public static final String module = MyDB.class.getName();
private String dbName = "";
private PoolMan plmn = null;
public MyDB(String dbName) {
try {
if (plmn == null) {
plmn = (PoolMan) Class.forName("com.codestudio.sql.PoolMan").
newInstance();
}
} catch (Exception ec) {
System.out.println(ec.toString()+module);
}
this.dbName = dbName;
}
private Connection getNewConnection() {
Connection conn = null;
try {
conn = plmn.connect("jdbc:poolman://" + dbName);
conn.setAutoCommit(true);
} catch (Exception ec) {
System.out.println(ec.toString()+"First:Connect sqlsever failed"+module);
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
conn = plmn.connect("jdbc:poolman://" + dbName);
conn.setAutoCommit(true);
} catch (Exception ecs) {
System.out.println(ecs.toString()+"Again:Connect sqlsever faile"+module);
}
}
return conn;
}
public Connection getConnection() {
return getNewConnection();
}
}
GeneralDb.java:
package common.sql;
package common.sql;
import java.util.*;
public class GeneralDb {
private static Hashtable dbPool;
public static MyDB getInstance(String dbname) {
if (dbPool == null) {
dbPool = new Hashtable();
}
MyDB db = (MyDB) dbPool.get(dbname);
if (db == null) {
db = new MyDB(dbname);
dbPool.put(dbname, db);
}
return db;
}
}
Log4j数据库连接池的配置如下：
log4j.appender.JDBC=common.log.JDBCPoolAppender
log4j.appender.JDBC.sqlname=log
log4j.appender.JDBC.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.JDBC.sql=INSERT INTO LOGGING (log_date, log_level,
location, message) VALUES ('%d{ISO8601}', '%-5p', '%C,%L', '%m')
poolman.xml配置如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<poolman>
<management-mode>local</management-mode>
<datasource>
<dbname>log</dbname>
<jndiName>log</jndiName>
<driver>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</driver>
<url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</url>
<username>use</username>
<password>password</password>
<minimumSize>0</minimumSize>
<maximumSize>10</maximumSize>
<logFile>logs/mysql.log</logFile>
</datasource>
</poolman>运行成功！对于JDBCPoolAppender的属性（比如sqlname属性）我们可以利用Log4j的反射机制随便添加，只要在配置文件给其附上值即可应用，而原来的父类里面的一些属性（username什么的)和其get,set方法由于在连接池中不需要，所以删除。而在JDBCPoolAppender类中，我也只是将getConnection 方法Override ，在这个方法中我们可以根据需要生成我们的Connection对象，另外两个方法大家可以根据需求来决定怎样Override。
Log4Net for .net framework
等待研究
用户可以从http://logging.apache.org/log4net/下载log4net的源代码。解压软件包后，在解压的src目录下将log4net.sln载入Visual Studio .NET，编译后可以得到log4net.dll。用户要在自己的程序里加入日志功能，只需将log4net.dll引入工程即可。
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