MYSQL的JOIN接触较少,为了方便以后查阅,留个记号。
本来摘自:https://www.w3cschool.cn/mysql/56ik1sqv.html,感谢原创作者。
JOIN 按照功能大致分为如下三类:
- INNER JOIN(内连接,或等值连接):获取两个表中字段匹配关系的记录。
- LEFT JOIN(左连接):获取左表所有记录,即使右表没有对应匹配的记录。
- RIGHT JOIN(右连接): 与 LEFT JOIN 相反,用于获取右表所有记录,即使左表没有对应匹配的记录
实例
尝试以下实例:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password; Enter password:******* mysql> use W3CSCHOOL; Database changed mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl; +-----------------+----------------+ | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | mahnaz | NULL | | Jen | NULL | | Gill | 20 | | John Poul | 1 | | Sanjay | 1 | +-----------------+----------------+ 6 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> SELECT * from w3cschool_tbl; +-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | w3cschool_id | w3cschool_title | w3cschool_author | submission_date | +-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | 1 | Learn PHP | John Poul | 2007-05-24 | | 2 | Learn MySQL | Abdul S | 2007-05-24 | | 3 | JAVA Tutorial | Sanjay | 2007-05-06 | +-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
例1:INNER JOIN 。。。ON的使用
接下来我们就使用MySQL的INNER JOIN来连接以上两张表来读取w3cschool_tbl表中所有w3cschool_author字段在tcount_tbl表对应的w3cschool_count字段值:
mysql> SELECT a.w3cschool_id, a.w3cschool_author, b.w3cschool_count FROM w3cschool_tbl a INNER JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.w3cschool_author = b.w3cschool_author; +-----------+---------------+--------------+ | w3cschool_id | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count | +-----------+---------------+--------------+ | 1 | John Poul | 1 | | 3 | Sanjay | 1 | +-----------+---------------+--------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以上 SQL 语句等价于:
mysql> SELECT a.w3cschool_id, a.w3cschool_author, b.w3cschool_count FROM w3cschool_tbl a, tcount_tbl b WHERE a.w3cschool_author = b.w3cschool_author; +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ | w3cschool_id | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count | +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ | 1 | John Poul | 1 | | 3 | Sanjay | 1 | +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql>
实例2 MySQL LEFT JOIN
MySQL LEFT JOIN 会读取左边数据表的全部数据,即便右边表无对应数据。
实例
尝试以下实例,以 w3cschool_tbl 为左表,tcount_tbl 为右表,理解MySQL LEFT JOIN的应用:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password; Enter password:******* mysql> use W3CSCHOOL; Database changed mysql> SELECT a.w3cschool_id, a.w3cschool_author, b.w3cschool_count FROM w3cschool_tbl a LEFT JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.w3cschool_author = b.w3cschool_author; +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ | w3cschool_id | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count | +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ | 1 | John Poul | 1 | | 2 | Abdul S | NULL | | 3 | Sanjay | 1 | +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
以上实例中使用了LEFT JOIN,该语句会读取左边的数据表w3cschool_tbl的所有选取的字段数据,即便在右侧表tcount_tbl中没有对应的w3cschool_author字段值。
实例3、MySQL RIGHT JOIN
MySQL RIGHT JOIN 会读取右边数据表的全部数据,即便左边边表无对应数据。
实例
尝试以下实例,以 tcount_tbl 为左表,w3cschool_tbl 为右表,理解MySQL RIGHT JOIN的应用:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password; Enter password:******* mysql> use W3CSCHOOL; Database changed mysql> SELECT b.w3cschool_id, b.w3cschool_author, a.w3cschool_count FROM tcount_tbl a RIGHT JOIN w3cschool_tbl b ON a.w3cschool_author = b.w3cschool_author; +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ | w3cschool_id | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count | +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ | 1 | John Poul | 1 | | 2 | Abdul S | NULL | | 3 | Sanjay | 1 | +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
以上实例中使用了 RIGHT JOIN,该语句会读取右边的数据表 w3cschool_tbl 的所有选取的字段数据,即便在左侧表tcount_tbl中没有对应的w3cschool_author字段值。