Python字典应用

本文摘自：https://www.cnblogs.com/scios/p/8108243.html

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-

print('''|---welcome contacts---|
|---1 query contacts---|
|---2 insert contacts---|
|---3 delete contacts---|
|---4 exit contacts---|''')
addressBook={}
while 1:
    temp=raw_input('please input number:')
    if not temp.isdigit():
        print('input error,please input again:')
        continue
    item=int(temp)
    if item==4:
        print("thanks for using addressBook!")
        break
    name=raw_input("please input name:")
    if item==1:
        if name in addressBook:
            print(name,":",addressBook[name])
            continue
        else:
            print("addressBook has no this name!")
    if item==2:
        if name in addressBook:
             print("addressBook has  this name-->>",name,":",addressBook[name])
             isEdit=input("is modify information(Y/N):")
             if isEdit=='Y':
                 userphone=input("please input phone number:")
                 addressBook[name]=userphone
                 print("modify success!")
                 continue
             else:
                 continue
        else:
            userphone=input("please input phone number:")
            addressBook[name]=userphone
            print("modify success!")
            continue
    if item==3:
        if name in addressBook:
            del addressBook[name]
            print("delete success!")
        else:
            print("addressBook has no this name!")

print addressBook

print addressBook.keys()

print addressBook.items()

输出：

|---welcome contacts---|
|---1 query contacts---|
|---2 insert contacts---|
|---3 delete contacts---|
|---4 exit contacts---|
please input number:2
please input name:bob
please input phone number:10086
modify success!
please input number:2
please input name:lili
please input phone number:11110
modify success!
please input number:2
please input name:Sam
please input phone number:10010
modify success!
please input number:4
thanks for using addressBook!
{'bob': 10086, 'lili': 11110, 'Sam': 10010}
['bob', 'lili', 'Sam']
[('bob', 10086), ('lili', 11110), ('Sam', 10010)]

需要注意：

1、isdigit()用于字符串的检测：

str. isdigit ( )

Return true if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least onecharacter, false otherwise.

2、啥时候用raw_input()啥时候用input()?

字符的时候可以用raw_input()

int类型的时候最好用input()

3、访问字典元素

dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'};

print "dict['Name']: ", dict['Name'];
print "dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'];
#以上实例输出结果：
#dict['Name']:  Zara
#dict['Age']:  7

4、字典内置函数

radiansdict.clear()    #删除字典内所有元素
radiansdict.copy()    #返回一个字典的浅复制
radiansdict.fromkeys()    #创建一个新字典，以序列seq中元素做字典的键，val为字典所有键对应的初始值
radiansdict.get(key, default=None)    #返回指定键的值，如果值不在字典中返回default值
radiansdict.has_key(key)    #如果键在字典dict里返回true，否则返回false
radiansdict.items()    #以列表返回可遍历的(键, 值) 元组数组
radiansdict.keys()    #以列表返回一个字典所有的键
radiansdict.setdefault(key, default=None)    #和get()类似, 但如果键不已经存在于字典中，将会添加键并将值设为default
radiansdict.update(dict2)    #把字典dict2的键/值对更新到dict里
radiansdict.values()    #以列表返回字典中的所有值