Objective-C中的协议使用举例

一、协议 Protocol简介


协议是一种特殊的程序设计结构，用于声明专门被别的类实现的方法.
协议在以下场合非常有用：
声明需要由别的类实现的方法
声明未知类的接口
集中定义一些互相之间没有继承关系的类的相似点

协议声明类需要实现的的方法，为不同的类提供公用方法，一个类可以有多个协议，但只能有一个父类，即单继承。它类似java中的接口。

可以在协议声明中使用@optional和@required指令来指定协议中的方法是否必须要实现。

如果没有为方法指定任何指令，@required是协议中默认的指令。

二、如何定义和使用一个协议

// 定义一个协议
@protocol SimpleProtocol
      -(void)doSomething:(NSString *)str;   //定义一个方法
@end

//定义一个接口，使用了上面定义的协议
@interface SimpleClass:NSObject  <SimpleProtocol> {
}
@end

//接口实现类
@implementation SimpleClass
-(void) doSomething:(NSString *)str{ 
   NSLog(str);
}
@end

三、xcode中  UIApplicationDelegate 的定义

@protocol UIApplicationDelegate<NSObject>

@optional

- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application;

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application willFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0);

- (void)applicationDidBecomeActive:(UIApplication *)application;

- (void)applicationWillResignActive:(UIApplication *)application;

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application handleOpenURL:(NSURL *)url;  // Will be deprecated at some point, please replace with application:openURL:sourceApplication:annotation:

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application openURL:(NSURL *)url sourceApplication:(NSString *)sourceApplication annotation:(id)annotation NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_2); // no equiv. notification. return NO if the application can't open for some reason

- (void)applicationDidReceiveMemoryWarning:(UIApplication *)application;      // try to clean up as much memory as possible. next step is to terminate app

- (void)applicationWillTerminate:(UIApplication *)application;

- (void)applicationSignificantTimeChange:(UIApplication *)application;        // midnight, carrier time update, daylight savings time change

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application willChangeStatusBarOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)newStatusBarOrientation duration:(NSTimeInterval)duration;

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didChangeStatusBarOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)oldStatusBarOrientation;

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application willChangeStatusBarFrame:(CGRect)newStatusBarFrame;   // in screen coordinates

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didChangeStatusBarFrame:(CGRect)oldStatusBarFrame;

// one of these will be called after calling -registerForRemoteNotifications

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0);

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)error NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0);

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0);

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveLocalNotification:(UILocalNotification *)notification NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);

- (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);

- (void)applicationWillEnterForeground:(UIApplication *)application NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);

- (void)applicationProtectedDataWillBecomeUnavailable:(UIApplication *)application NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);

- (void)applicationProtectedDataDidBecomeAvailable:(UIApplication *)application    NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);

@property (nonatomic, retain) UIWindow *window NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);

- (NSUInteger)application:(UIApplication *)application supportedInterfaceOrientationsForWindow:(UIWindow *)window  NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);

#pragma mark -- State Restoration protocol adopted by UIApplication delegate --

- (UIViewController *) application:(UIApplication *)application viewControllerWithRestorationIdentifierPath:(NSArray *)identifierComponents coder:(NSCoder *)coder NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);

- (BOOL) application:(UIApplication *)application shouldSaveApplicationState:(NSCoder *)coder NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);

- (BOOL) application:(UIApplication *)application shouldRestoreApplicationState:(NSCoder *)coder NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);

- (void) application:(UIApplication *)application willEncodeRestorableStateWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);

- (void) application:(UIApplication *)application didDecodeRestorableStateWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);

@end

四、NSObject 协议

从上面可以看出，UIApplicationDelegate 实现了NSObject协议

@protocol NSObject

- (BOOL)isEqual:(id)object;

- (NSUInteger)hash;

- (Class)superclass;

- (Class)class;

- (id)self;

- (NSZone *)zone NS_AUTOMATED_REFCOUNT_UNAVAILABLE;

- (id)performSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

- (id)performSelector:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(id)object;

- (id)performSelector:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(id)object1 withObject:(id)object2;

- (BOOL)isProxy;

- (BOOL)isKindOfClass:(Class)aClass;

- (BOOL)isMemberOfClass:(Class)aClass;

- (BOOL)conformsToProtocol:(Protocol *)aProtocol;

- (BOOL)respondsToSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

- (id)retain NS_AUTOMATED_REFCOUNT_UNAVAILABLE;

- (oneway void)release NS_AUTOMATED_REFCOUNT_UNAVAILABLE;

- (id)autorelease NS_AUTOMATED_REFCOUNT_UNAVAILABLE;

- (NSUInteger)retainCount NS_AUTOMATED_REFCOUNT_UNAVAILABLE;

- (NSString *)description;

@optional

- (NSString *)debugDescription;

@end

五、NSObject 基础类实现了 NSObject 协议

@interface NSObject <NSObject> {

    Class isa;

}

+ (void)load;

+ (void)initialize;

- (id)init;

+ (id)new;

+ (id)allocWithZone:(NSZone *)zone;

+ (id)alloc;

- (void)dealloc;

- (void)finalize;

- (id)copy;

- (id)mutableCopy;

+ (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone NS_AUTOMATED_REFCOUNT_UNAVAILABLE;

+ (id)mutableCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone NS_AUTOMATED_REFCOUNT_UNAVAILABLE;

+ (Class)superclass;

+ (Class)class;

+ (BOOL)instancesRespondToSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

+ (BOOL)conformsToProtocol:(Protocol *)protocol;

- (IMP)methodForSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

+ (IMP)instanceMethodForSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

- (void)doesNotRecognizeSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

- (id)forwardingTargetForSelector:(SEL)aSelector NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

- (void)forwardInvocation:(NSInvocation *)anInvocation;

- (NSMethodSignature *)methodSignatureForSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

+ (NSMethodSignature *)instanceMethodSignatureForSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

- (BOOL)allowsWeakReference NS_UNAVAILABLE;

- (BOOL)retainWeakReference NS_UNAVAILABLE;

+ (NSString *)description;

+ (BOOL)isSubclassOfClass:(Class)aClass;

+ (BOOL)resolveClassMethod:(SEL)sel NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

+ (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

@end