主要用到知识：1.Servlet 2.request从客户端得到参数 3.response向客户端响应
4.字符编码解决乱码问题 5.jsp的使用 6.验证码
7.Cookie的使用 8.Session的使用 9.具体功能登录时自动补全用户名
10.jsp页面的用户信息校验，如果为null，则跳转登录。
使用一个VerifyCodeServlet专门来生成验证码
login.jsp页面：
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'login.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
<script type="text/javascript">
function _change(){
//1.得到img元素
//2.修改其src为/XJS_Session/VerifyCodeServlet
var imgEle=document.getElementById("img");
//有缓冲，加参数---时间
imgEle.src="/XJS_Session/VerifyCodeServlet?a="+new Date().getTime();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<%
String uname="";
//读名为username的cookie
Cookie[] cookies=request.getCookies();
if(cookies!=null){
for(Cookie c:cookies){
//如果为空显示：""
//如果不为显示：Cookie值
if("username".equals(c.getName())){
uname=c.getValue();
}
}
}
%>
<%
String message="";//一个空字符串
String msg=(String)request.getAttribute("msg");//获取错误信息
if(msg!=null){
message=msg;
}
%>
<font color="red"><b><%=message %></b></font>
<form action="/XJS_Session/LoginServlet" method="post">
用户名：<input type="text" name="username" value="<%=uname %>"><br>
密 码：<input type="password" name="password"><br>
验证码：<input type="text" name="verifyCode" size="7">
<img id="img" src="/XJS_Session/VerifyCodeServlet"><br>
<a href="javascript:_change()">看不清，换一张</a>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>LoginServlet.java:
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
* 校验验证码
* 1.从session中获取正确的验证码
* 2.从表单中获取用户输入的验证码
* 4.如果相同，向下运行，否则保存错误信息到request域，转发到login.jsp
*/
HttpSession session1 = request.getSession();
String vcode1 = (String) session1.getAttribute("session_vcode");
String vcode2 = request.getParameter("verifyCode");
System.out.println("1:"+vcode1+" 2:"+vcode2);
if(!vcode1.equalsIgnoreCase(vcode2)){//不相等----不区分大小写
request.setAttribute("msg", "验证码错误！");
RequestDispatcher rd=request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp");
rd.forward(request, response);
return;//错误结束，就不向下执行
}
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
System.out.println("username:"+username+", password:"+password);
if(username!="" && password!=""){
if("xjs".equals(username) && "0309".equals(password)){
//设置Cookie
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
Cookie cookie=new Cookie("username",username);
cookie.setMaxAge(60*60);
response.addCookie(cookie);//把它显示到用户名文本框中
//登录成功
HttpSession session=session1;
session.setAttribute("username", username);
session.setAttribute("password", password);
//重定向到succ1.jsp
response.sendRedirect("/XJS_Session/succ1.jsp");
}
else{
System.out.println("username:"+username+", password:"+password);
//输入的用户名和密码不存在
request.setAttribute("msg", "用户名和密码不存在！！！");
//用转发
RequestDispatcher rd=request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp");
rd.forward(request, response);
}
}else{
request.setAttribute("msg", "用户名或密码不能为空！！！");
//用转发---如果用重定向的话显示错误信息就不能使用request
RequestDispatcher rd=request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp");
rd.forward(request, response);
}
}
}
=============================验证码===========================
VerifyCode.java:
package com.xjs.commons;
import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
public class VerifyCode {
private int w = 70;
private int h = 35;
private Random r = new Random();
// {"宋体", "华文楷体", "黑体", "华文新魏", "华文隶书", "微软雅黑", "楷体_GB2312"}
private String[] fontNames = {"宋体", "华文楷体", "黑体", "微软雅黑", "楷体_GB2312"};
// 可选字符
private String codes = "23456789abcdefghjkmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
// 背景色
private Color bgColor = new Color(255, 255, 255);
// 验证码上的文本
private String text ;
// 生成随机的颜色
private Color randomColor () {
int red = r.nextInt(150);
int green = r.nextInt(150);
int blue = r.nextInt(150);
return new Color(red, green, blue);
}
// 生成随机的字体
private Font randomFont () {
int index = r.nextInt(fontNames.length);
String fontName = fontNames[index];//生成随机的字体名称
int style = r.nextInt(4);//生成随机的样式, 0(无样式), 1(粗体), 2(斜体), 3(粗体+斜体)
int size = r.nextInt(5) + 24; //生成随机字号, 24 ~ 28
return new Font(fontName, style, size);
}
// 画干扰线
private void drawLine (BufferedImage image) {
int num = 3;//一共画3条
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics();
for(int i = 0; i < num; i++) {//生成两个点的坐标，即4个值
int x1 = r.nextInt(w);
int y1 = r.nextInt(h);
int x2 = r.nextInt(w);
int y2 = r.nextInt(h);
g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1.5F));
g2.setColor(Color.BLUE); //干扰线是蓝色
g2.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);//画线
}
}
// 随机生成一个字符
private char randomChar () {
int index = r.nextInt(codes.length());
return codes.charAt(index);
}
// 创建BufferedImage
private BufferedImage createImage () {
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics();
g2.setColor(this.bgColor);
g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
return image;
}
// 调用这个方法得到验证码
public BufferedImage getImage () {
BufferedImage image = createImage();//创建图片缓冲区
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics();//得到绘制环境
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();//用来装载生成的验证码文本
// 向图片中画4个字符
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {//循环四次，每次生成一个字符
String s = randomChar() + "";//随机生成一个字母
sb.append(s); //把字母添加到sb中
float x = i * 1.0F * w / 4; //设置当前字符的x轴坐标
g2.setFont(randomFont()); //设置随机字体
g2.setColor(randomColor()); //设置随机颜色
g2.drawString(s, x, h-5); //画图
}
this.text = sb.toString(); //把生成的字符串赋给了this.text
drawLine(image); //添加干扰线
return image;
}
// 返回验证码图片上的文本
public String getText () {
return text;
}
// 保存图片到指定的输出流
public static void output (BufferedImage image, OutputStream out)
throws IOException {
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", out);
}
}VerifyCodeServlet.java:
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.xjs.commons.VerifyCode;
public class VerifyCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
/**
* 1.生成图片
* 2.保存图片上的文本到session中
* 3.把图片响应到客户端
*/
VerifyCode vc=new VerifyCode();
BufferedImage bi=vc.getImage();
request.getSession().setAttribute("session_vcode", vc.getText());
//参数输出流，ServletOutputStream getOutputStream();返回输入流---跟getWriter()方法不能同时使用，跟JavaSE中的输出流类似
VerifyCode.output(bi, response.getOutputStream());
}
}
succ1.jsp和succ2.jsp：
<body>
<%
if(session.getAttribute("username")==null&&session.getAttribute("password")==null){
//重定向到login.jsp
response.sendRedirect("/XJS_Session/login.jsp");
return;//别的就不执行了
}
%>
<%
String username=(String)session.getAttribute("username");
String password=(String)session.getAttribute("password");
out.print("用户名："+username);
out.print("密码："+password);
%>
</body>
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