转载来源： https://blog.csdn.net/Eastmount/article/details/45725077
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请注明CSDN博客源地址！共同学习，一起进步~ https://blog.csdn.net/Eastmount/article/details/45725077
前面三篇文章讲述了如何配置MyEclipse和Tomcat开发JSP网站、如何配置Servlet简单实现表单提交、如何配置MySQL实现JSP数据库查询。
这篇文章主要讲述Servlet表单的提交、Java中实现数据库的查询操作和自己遇到的瓶颈及理解。Java Web基础性文章，希望对大家有所帮助~
Java+MyEclipse+Tomcat
(一)配置过程及jsp网站开发入门
Java+MyEclipse+Tomcat
(二)配置Servlet及简单实现表单提交
Java+MyEclipse+Tomcat (三)配置MySQL及查询数据显示在JSP网页中
两个项目的免费下载地址(希望对你有所帮助)：
http://download.csdn.net/detail/eastmount/8701707
一. Servlet表单提交
新建Web Project，项目名称为TestServlet01。项目结构如下图所示：
-
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
-
<%
-
String path = request.getContextPath();
-
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
-
%>
-
-
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-
<html>
-
<head>
-
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
-
-
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page
</title>
-
<style>
-
body,
div,
td,
input {
font-size:
18px;
margin:
0px; }
-
.line {
margin:
2px; }
-
</style>
-
</head>
-
-
<body>
-
<form action="/TestServlet01/servlet/PostServlet" method="POST">
-
<div align="center">
-
<br/>
-
<fieldset style='width:60%'>
-
<legend>填写用户信息
</legend>
-
<br/>
-
<div class='line'>
-
<div align="left">出发地:
-
<input type="text" id="start" name="start" style='font-size:18px' width=200/>
-
</div>
-
</div>
-
<div class='line'>
-
<div align="left">到达地:
-
<input type="text" id="end" name="end" style='font-size:18px'/>
-
</div>
-
</div>
-
<div class='line'>
-
<br />
-
<div align="left">请选择性别：
-
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="男" id="sexMale">
-
<label for="sexMale">男
</label>
-
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="女" id="sexFemale">
-
<label for="sexFemale">女
</label>
-
</div>
-
</div>
-
<div class='line'>
-
<div align="left">请选择您的爱好：
-
<input type="checkbox" name="interesting" value="音乐" id="i1">
-
<label for="i1">音乐
</label>
-
<input type="checkbox" name="interesting" value="旅游" id="i2">
-
<label for="i2">旅游
</label>
-
<input type="checkbox" name="interesting" value="运动" id="i3">
-
<label for="i3">运动
</label>
-
</div>
-
</div>
-
<div class='line'>
-
<div align="left">请选择车票类型：
-
<select name="seat">
-
<option>---请选择乘坐类型---
</option>
-
<optgroup label="卧铺">
-
<option value="上铺">上铺
</option>
-
<option value="中铺">中铺
</option>
-
<option value="下铺">下铺
</option>
-
</optgroup>
-
<optgroup label="其他">
-
<option value="硬座">硬座
</option>
-
<option value="软座">软座
</option>
-
<option value="站票">站票
</option>
-
</optgroup>
-
</select>
-
</div>
-
</div>
-
<div class='line'>
-
<br />
-
<div align="left" class='leftDiv'>备注信息：
</div>
-
<div align="left" class='rightDiv'>
-
<textarea name="description" rows="8" style="width:300px; ">请填写备注信息...
</textarea>
-
</div>
-
</div>
-
<div class='line'>
-
<div align="left">
-
<br/>
<input type="submit" name="Select" value="提交信息" style='font-size:18px'/>
<br/>
-
</div>
-
</div>
-
</fieldset>
-
</div>
-
</form>
-
</body>
-
</html>
核心代码：
<form action="/TestServlet01/servlet/PostServlet" method="POST">
出发地:<input type="text" id="start" name="start" style='font-size:18px'/>
<input type="submit" name="Select" value="提交信息"/>
</form>
然后再src中右键添加Package，包名为servlet；再添加Servlet文件，文件名PostServlet.java。选择
图标。前面文章讲述过Servlet的手动配置过程，包括servlet类、映射等，现在它自动生成的WebRoot/WEB-INF/web.xml文件如下：
<form action="/TestServlet01/servlet/PostServlet" method="POST">
出发地:<input type="text" id="start" name="start" style='font-size:18px'/>
<input type="submit" name="Select" value="提交信息"/>
</form>
然后再src中右键添加Package，包名为servlet；再添加Servlet文件，文件名PostServlet.java。选择
图标。前面文章讲述过Servlet的手动配置过程，包括servlet类、映射等，现在它自动生成的WebRoot/WEB-INF/web.xml文件如下：
-
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-
<web-app version="3.0"
-
xmlns=
"http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
-
xmlns:xsi=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-
xsi:schemaLocation=
"http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
-
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
-
<display-name>
</display-name>
-
-
-
<servlet>
-
<description>This is the description of my J2EE component
</description>
-
<display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component
</display-name>
-
<servlet-name>PostServlet
</servlet-name>
-
<servlet-class>servlet.PostServlet
</servlet-class>
-
</servlet>
-
-
<servlet-mapping>
-
<servlet-name>PostServlet
</servlet-name>
-
<url-pattern>/servlet/PostServlet
</url-pattern>
-
</servlet-mapping>
-
<welcome-file-list>
-
<welcome-file>index.jsp
</welcome-file>
-
</welcome-file-list>
-
</web-app>
-
package servlet;
-
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.io.PrintWriter;
-
-
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
-
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
-
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
-
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
-
-
public
class PostServlet extends HttpServlet {
-
-
public PostServlet() {
-
super();
-
}
-
-
public void destroy() {
-
super.destroy();
// Just puts "destroy" string in log
-
// Put your code here
-
}
-
-
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
-
throws ServletException, IOException {
-
-
response.setContentType(
"text/html");
-
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
-
out.println(
"<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
-
out.println(
"<HTML>");
-
out.println(
" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
-
out.println(
" <BODY>");
-
out.print(
" This is ");
-
out.print(
this.getClass());
-
out.println(
", using the GET method");
-
out.println(
" </BODY>");
-
out.println(
"</HTML>");
-
out.flush();
-
out.close();
-
}
-
-
/**
-
* The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
-
*
-
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post.
-
*
-
* @param request the request send by the client to the server
-
* @param response the response send by the server to the client
-
* @throws ServletException if an error occurred
-
* @throws IOException if an error occurred
-
*/
-
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
-
throws ServletException, IOException {
-
-
response.setCharacterEncoding(
"UTF-8");
//设置输出编码
-
request.setCharacterEncoding(
"UTF-8");
-
-
String startName = request.getParameter(
"start");
//获取出发地
-
String endName = request.getParameter(
"end");
//获取到达地
-
String sex = request.getParameter(
"sex");
//获取性别
-
String [] interest = request.getParameterValues(
"interesting");
//获取兴趣
-
String seat = request.getParameter(
"seat");
//获取座位
-
String info = request.getParameter(
"description");
//获取备注信息
-
-
response.setContentType(
"text/html");
//设置输出类型
-
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
//获取out对象
-
-
out.println(
"<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
-
out.println(
"<HTML>");
-
out.println(
" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
-
out.println(
" <BODY>");
-
out.println(
"<H2>出发地："+ startName +
"</H2>");
-
out.println(
"<H2>到达地："+ endName +
"</H2>");
-
out.println(
"<H2>性别："+ sex +
"</H2>");
-
out.println(
"<H2>兴趣");
-
for(String str:interest) {
-
out.println(str+
" ");
-
}
-
out.println(
"</H2><H2>座位类型："+ seat +
"</H2>");
-
out.println(
"<H2>备注信息："+ info +
"</H2>");
-
out.println(
" </BODY>");
-
out.println(
"</HTML>");
-
out.flush();
-
out.close();
-
}
-
-
/**
-
* Initialization of the servlet. <br>
-
*
-
* @throws ServletException if an error occurs
-
*/
-
public void init() throws ServletException {
-
// Put your code here
-
}
-
-
}
二. Servlet数据库查询
还是使用上面的项目进行修改，实现Servlet数据库查询操作。数据库配置可以参照上一篇博客配置MySQL的过程，我新建数据库test01，插入表Train，表中数据如下图：
然后修改index.jsp，代码如下：
-
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
-
<%
-
String path = request.getContextPath();
-
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
-
%>
-
-
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-
<html>
-
<head>
-
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
-
-
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page
</title>
-
<style>
-
body,
div,
td,
input {
font-size:
18px;
margin:
0px; }
-
.line {
margin:
2px; }
-
</style>
-
</head>
-
-
<body>
-
<form action="/TestServlet01/servlet/PostServlet" method="POST">
-
<div align="center">
-
<br/>
-
<fieldset style='width:60%'>
-
<legend>填写用户信息
</legend>
-
<br/>
-
<div class='line'>
-
<div align="left">出发地:
-
<input type="text" id="start" name="start" style='font-size:18px' width=200/>
-
</div>
-
</div>
-
<div class='line'>
-
<div align="left">
-
<br/>
<input type="submit" name="Select" value="提交信息" style='font-size:18px'/>
<br/>
-
</div>
-
</div>
-
</fieldset>
-
</div>
-
</form>
-
</body>
-
</html>
-
package servlet;
-
-
import java.io.IOException;
-
import java.io.PrintWriter;
-
import java.sql.Connection;
-
import java.sql.DriverManager;
-
import java.sql.ResultSet;
-
import java.sql.SQLException;
-
import java.sql.Statement;
-
-
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
-
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
-
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
-
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
-
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
-
-
public
class PostServlet extends HttpServlet {
-
-
//自定义变量
-
private Connection connection =
null;
//定义数据库连接对象
-
private String driverName =
"com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
//数据库驱动器
-
private String userName =
"root";
//数据库用户名
-
private String userPasswd =
"123456";
//密码
-
private String dbName =
"test01";
//数据库名称
-
private String tableName =
"Train";
//表明
-
//连接字符串 数据库地址URL MySQL数据库端口3306
-
private String url =
"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/" + dbName +
"?user="
-
+ userName +
"&password=" + userPasswd;
-
-
//初始化方法
-
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException
-
{
-
super.init(config);
-
}
-
-
public PostServlet() {
-
super();
-
}
-
-
//处理GET请求方法
-
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
-
throws ServletException, IOException
-
{
-
response.setCharacterEncoding(
"UTF-8");
//设置输出编码
-
request.setCharacterEncoding(
"UTF-8");
-
response.setContentType(
"text/html");
//设置输出类型
-
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
//获取out对象
-
-
try {
-
//数据库操作
-
Class.forName(driverName).newInstance();
-
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url);
-
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
-
String startName = request.getParameter(
"start");
//获取出发地
-
//注意:startName需要加单引号 否则报错 ——错误：Unknown column 'BeiJing' in 'where clause'
-
String sql =
"SELECT * FROM " + tableName +
" WHERE startname='" + startName+
"';";
-
if(startName==
"") {
-
sql =
"SELECT * FROM " + tableName;
-
}
-
ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);
-
-
out.println(
"<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
-
out.println(
"<HTML>");
-
out.println(
" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
-
out.println(
" <BODY>");
-
out.println(
" <fieldset style='width:60%' ><legend>搜索结果</legend><br />");
-
out.println(
" <TABLE align='center'border='1' cellspacing='1' cellpadding='1'>");
-
out.println(
" <TR><TH>车号</TH><TH>出发地</TH><TH>到达地</TH></TR>");
-
//循环输出查询结果
-
while(rs.next()) {
-
out.println(
" <TR><TD>" + rs.getString(
1) +
"</TD>");
-
out.println(
" <TD>" + rs.getString(
2) +
"</TD>");
-
out.println(
" <TD>" + rs.getString(
3) +
"</TD></TR>");
-
}
-
out.println(
" </TABLE>");
-
out.println(
" </fieldset>");
-
out.println(
" </BODY>");
-
out.println(
"</HTML>");
-
out.flush();
-
out.close();
-
rs.close();
// 关闭记录集
-
statement.close();
// 关闭声明
-
-
}
catch(Exception e) {
-
System.out.println(
"错误："+e.getMessage());
-
response.sendRedirect(
"index.jsp");
-
}
-
}
-
-
//处理POST请求方法
-
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
-
throws ServletException, IOException
-
{
-
doGet(request,response);
-
}
-
-
//销毁方法
-
public void destroy() {
-
super.destroy();
// Just puts "destroy" string in log
-
try {
-
connection.close();
// 关闭连接对象
-
}
catch(Exception e) {
-
System.out.println(
"关闭数据库错误："+e.getMessage());
-
}
-
}
-
}
运行效果如下图所示：
写到此处我产生了一个疑问，当表单提交信息时，获取数据库的结果有两种方法：
1.第一种是上一篇博客中写到的，在JSP中通过<% ....%>调用Java代码实现连接数据库，获取MySQL表中数据并显示；
2.第二种就是这篇博客中写到的，在JSP中通过Post方法提交表单Form，在Java中通过Servlet获取请求/响应，再通过Java中out.println("<HTML>...")输出数据库中值。
就这两种方法而言，我想实现的功能是：JSP就赋值布局，显示界面；Java就负责连接数据库、数据库增删改查，处理结果再返回给JSP中显示，而不是相互嵌套的。换句话说：JSP中点击“提交”按钮，TextBox中传递出发地，Java中介绍请求，数据库查询，得到的结果再返回给JSP中显示。
那怎么实现呢？后面的文章可能会讲到。
DAO和Java Bean是对JDBC进行分层、模块化的最有效两个方法。DAO(数据库操作对象，Database Access Object)是JDBC下常用模式，DAO出现之前，操作数据库的代码与业务代码都出现在Servlet或者JSP中，不利用业务代码的分离。DAO出现后，所有与数据库相关的操作全被拿到了DAO层实现，Servlet或JSP只操作Java Bean或者DAP层，而DAO层值操作数据库。
PS：非常高兴我自己通过实际项目找到了这个难点，然后又找到了解决方法。虽然才学习Java Web一周时间，还是学到很多东西的。个人感觉DAO类似于中间件的东西吧！最后希望文章对你有所帮助，这篇文章是讲述Servlet连接MySQL数据库及表单交互之间的知识。如果文章有不足或错误的地方，还请海涵！下一篇文章讲讲Session和一个典型简单的界面布局等相关知识吧！
（By:Eastmount 2015-5-15 半夜1点 http://blog.csdn.net/eastmount/）
转载来源： https://blog.csdn.net/Eastmount/article/details/45725077
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