Mongodb快速入门之使用Java操作Mongodb

Mongodb快速入门之使用Java操作Mongodb

2011年06月20日00:00  it168网站原创 作者:廖煜嵘/译 编辑: 董建伟 评论: 1

  【IT168 专稿】在上一篇文章中,我们学习了Mongodb的安装和初步使用,在本文中,将学习如何使用Java去编程实现对Mongodb的操作。

  HelloWorld程序

  学习任何程序的第一步,都是编写HelloWorld程序,我们也不例外,看下如何通过Java编写一个HelloWorld的程序。

  首先,要通过Java操作Mongodb,必须先下载Mongodb的Java驱动程序,可以在这里下载

  新建立一个Java工程,将下载的驱动程序放在库文件路径下,程序代码如下:

package  com.mkyong.core;
import  java.net.UnknownHostException;
import  com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import  com.mongodb.DB;
import  com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import  com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import  com.mongodb.Mongo;
import  com.mongodb.MongoException;

/**
* Java + MongoDB Hello world Example

*/
public   class  App {
    
public   static   void  main(String[] args) {
        
try  {
            
// 实例化Mongo对象,连接27017端口
            Mongo mongo  =   new  Mongo( " localhost " 27017 );
                               
// 连接名为yourdb的数据库,假如数据库不存在的话,mongodb会自动建立
            DB db  =  mongo.getDB( " yourdb " );
            
//  Get collection from MongoDB, database named "yourDB"
// 从Mongodb中获得名为yourColleection的数据集合,如果该数据集合不存在,Mongodb会为其新建立
            DBCollection collection  =  db.getCollection( " yourCollection " );
    
//  使用BasicDBObject对象创建一个mongodb的document,并给予赋值。
            BasicDBObject document  =   new  BasicDBObject();
            document.put(
" id " 1001 );
            document.put(
" msg " " hello world mongoDB in Java " );
            
// 将新建立的document保存到collection中去
            collection.insert(document);
            
//  创建要查询的document
            BasicDBObject searchQuery  =   new  BasicDBObject();
            searchQuery.put(
" id " 1001 );
            
//  使用collection的find方法查找document
            DBCursor cursor  =  collection.find(searchQuery);
            
// 循环输出结果
             while  (cursor.hasNext()) {
            System.out.println(cursor.next());
            }
            System.out.println(
" Done " ); 
        } 
catch  (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } 
catch  (MongoException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

  最后,输出的结果为:

" _id "  : {  " $oid "  :  " 4dbe5596dceace565d229dc3 " } , 
                
" id "  :  1001  ,  " msg "  :  " hello world mongoDB in Java " }
Done

  在上面的例子中,演示了使用Java对Mongodb操作的重要方法和步骤,首先通过创建Mongodb对象,传入构造函数的参数是Mongodb的数据库所在地址和端口,然后使用

  getDB方法获得要连接的数据库名,使用getCollection获得数据集合的名,然后通过新建立BasicDBObject对象去建立document,最后通过collection的insert方法,将建立的document保存到数据库中去。而collection的find方法,则是用来在数据库中查找document。

  从Mongodb中获得collection数据集

  在Mongodb中,可以通过如下方法获得数据库中的collection:

  DBCollection collection  =  db.getCollection( " yourCollection " );

  如果你不知道collection的名称,可以使用db.getCollectionNames()获得集合,然后再遍历,如下:

  DB db  =  mongo.getDB( " yourdb " );
  Set collections 
=  db.getCollectionNames();
  
for (String collectionName : collections){
  System.out.println(collectionName);
  }

  完成的一个例子如下:

package  com.mkyong.core;
import  java.net.UnknownHostException;
import  java.util.Set;
import  com.mongodb.DB;
import  com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import  com.mongodb.Mongo;
import  com.mongodb.MongoException;
/**
* Java : Get collection from MongoDB

*/
public   class  GetCollectionApp {
public   static   void  main(String[] args) {
try  {
Mongo mongo 
=   new  Mongo( " localhost " 27017 );
DB db 
=  mongo.getDB( " yourdb " );
Set
< String >  collections  =  db.getCollectionNames();
for  (String collectionName : collections) {
System.out.println(collectionName);
}
DBCollection collection 
=  db.getCollection( " yourCollection " );
System.out.println(collection.toString());
System.out.println(
" Done " );

catch  (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
catch  (MongoException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

  Mongodb中如何插入数据

  下面,讲解下如何使用4种方式,将JSON数据插入到Mongodb中去。首先我们准备JSON

  格式的数据,如下:

  {
  
" database "  :  " mkyongDB " ,
  
" table "  :  " hosting " ,
  
" detail "  :
  {
  records : 
99 ,
  index : 
" vps_index1 " ,
  active : 
" true "
  }
  }
  }

  我们希望用不同的方式,通过JAVA代码向Mongodb插入以上格式的JSON数据

  第一种方法,是使用BasicDBObject,方法如下代码所示:

BasicDBObject document  =   new  BasicDBObject();
document.put(
" database " " mkyongDB " );
document.put(
" table " " hosting " );
BasicDBObject documentDetail 
=   new  BasicDBObject();
documentDetail.put(
" records " " 99 " );
documentDetail.put(
" index " " vps_index1 " );
documentDetail.put(
" active " " true " );
document.put(
" detail " , documentDetail);
collection.insert(document);

  第二种方法是使用BasicDBObjectBuilder对象,如下代码所示:

  BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilder  =  BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()
  .add(
" database " " mkyongDB " )
  .add(
" table " " hosting " );
  BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilderDetail 
=  BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()
  .add(
" records " " 99 " )
  .add(
" index " " vps_index1 " )
  .add(
" active " " true " );
  documentBuilder.add(
" detail " , documentBuilderDetail.get());
  collection.insert(documentBuilder.get());

  第三种方法是使用Map对象,代码如下:

  Map documentMap  = new  HashMap();
  documentMap.put(
" database " " mkyongDB " );
  documentMap.put(
" table " " hosting " );
  Map documentMapDetail 
= new  HashMap();
  documentMapDetail.put(
" records " " 99 " );
  documentMapDetail.put(
" index " " vps_index1 " );
  documentMapDetail.put(
" active " " true " );
  documentMap.put(
" detail " , documentMapDetail);
  collection.insert(
new  BasicDBObject(documentMap));

  第四种方法,也就是最简单的,即直接插入JSON格式数据

  String json  = " {'database' : 'mkyongDB','table' : 'hosting', " +
  
" 'detail' : {'records' : 99, 'index' : 'vps_index1', 'active' : 'true'}}} " ;
  DBObject dbObject 
= (DBObject)JSON.parse(json);
  collection.insert(dbObject);

  这里使用了JSON的parse方法,将解析后的JSON字符串转变为DBObject对象后再直接插入到collection中去。


  完整的代码如下所示:

  packagecom.mkyong.core;
  importjava.net.UnknownHostException;
  importjava.util.HashMap;
  importjava.util.Map;
  importcom.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
  importcom.mongodb.BasicDBObjectBuilder;
  importcom.mongodb.DB;
  importcom.mongodb.DBCollection;
  importcom.mongodb.DBCursor;
  importcom.mongodb.DBObject;
  importcom.mongodb.Mongo;
  importcom.mongodb.MongoException;
  importcom.mongodb.util.JSON;
  
/**
  * Java MongoDB : Insert a Document
  *
  
*/
  publicclass InsertDocumentApp {
  publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){
  
try {
  Mongo mongo 
= new  Mongo( " localhost " 27017 );
  DB db 
=  mongo.getDB( " yourdb " );
  
//  get a single collection
  DBCollection collection  =  db.getCollection( " dummyColl " );
  
//  BasicDBObject example
  System.out.println( " BasicDBObject example... " );
  BasicDBObject document 
= new  BasicDBObject();
  document.put(
" database " " mkyongDB " );
  document.put(
" table " " hosting " );
  BasicDBObject documentDetail 
= new  BasicDBObject();
  documentDetail.put(
" records " " 99 " );
  documentDetail.put(
" index " " vps_index1 " );
  documentDetail.put(
" active " " true " );
  document.put(
" detail " , documentDetail);
  collection.insert(document);
  DBCursor cursorDoc 
=  collection.find();
  
while (cursorDoc.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursorDoc.next());
  }
  collection.remove(
new  BasicDBObject());
  
//  BasicDBObjectBuilder example
  System.out.println( " BasicDBObjectBuilder example... " );
  BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilder 
=  BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()
  .add(
" database " " mkyongDB " )
  .add(
" table " " hosting " );
  BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilderDetail 
=  BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()
  .add(
" records " " 99 " )
  .add(
" index " " vps_index1 " )
  .add(
" active " " true " );
  documentBuilder.add(
" detail " , documentBuilderDetail.get());
  collection.insert(documentBuilder.get());
  DBCursor cursorDocBuilder 
=  collection.find();
  
while (cursorDocBuilder.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursorDocBuilder.next());
  }
  collection.remove(
new  BasicDBObject());
  
//  Map example
  System.out.println( " Map example... " );
  Map documentMap 
= new  HashMap();
  documentMap.put(
" database " " mkyongDB " );
  documentMap.put(
" table " " hosting " );
  Map documentMapDetail 
= new  HashMap();
  documentMapDetail.put(
" records " " 99 " );
  documentMapDetail.put(
" index " " vps_index1 " );
  documentMapDetail.put(
" active " " true " );
  documentMap.put(
" detail " , documentMapDetail);
  collection.insert(
new  BasicDBObject(documentMap));
  DBCursor cursorDocMap 
=  collection.find();
  
while (cursorDocMap.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursorDocMap.next());
  }
  collection.remove(
new  BasicDBObject());
  
//  JSON parse example
  System.out.println( " JSON parse example... " );
  String json 
= " {'database' : 'mkyongDB','table' : 'hosting', " +
  
" 'detail' : {'records' : 99, 'index' : 'vps_index1', 'active' : 'true'}}} " ;
  DBObject dbObject 
= (DBObject)JSON.parse(json);
  collection.insert(dbObject);
  DBCursor cursorDocJSON 
=  collection.find();
  
while (cursorDocJSON.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursorDocJSON.next());
  }
  collection.remove(
new  BasicDBObject());
  }
catch (UnknownHostException e){
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
catch (MongoException e){
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  }
  }

  更新Document

  假设如下的JSON格式的数据已经保存到Mongodb中去了,现在要更新相关的数据。

  { " _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " x " } ,  " hosting "  :  " hostA "  ,  " type "  :  " vps "  ,  " clients "  :  1000 }
  {
" _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " x " } ,  " hosting "  :  " hostB "  ,  " type "  :  " dedicated server "  ,  " clients "  :  100 }
  {
" _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " x " } ,  " hosting "  :  " hostC "  ,  " type "  :  " vps "  ,  " clients "  :  900 }

   假设现在要将hosting中值为hostB的进行更新,则可以使用如下的方法:

  BasicDBObject newDocument  = new  BasicDBObject();
  newDocument.put(
" hosting " " hostB " );
  newDocument.put(
" type " " shared host " );
  newDocument.put(
" clients " 111 );
  collection.update(
new  BasicDBObject().append( " hosting " " hostB " ), newDocument);

   可以看到,这里依然使用了BasicDBObject对象,并为其赋值了新的值后,然后使用collection的update方法,即可更新该对象。

  更新后的输出如下:

  { " _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " x " } ,  " hosting "  :  " hostA "  ,  " type "  :  " vps "  ,  " clients "  :  1000 }
  {
" _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " x " } ,  " hosting "  :  " hostB "  ,  " type "  :  " shared host "  ,  " clients "  :  111 }
  {
" _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " x " } ,  " hosting "  :  " hostC "  ,  " type "  :  " vps "  ,  " clients "  :  900 }

   另外,还可以使用mongodb中的$inc修饰符号去对某个值进行更新,比如,要将hosting值为hostB的document的clients的值得更新为199(即100+99=199),可以这样:

  BasicDBObject newDocument  = new  BasicDBObject().append( " $inc " ,
  
new  BasicDBObject().append( " clients " 99 ));
  collection.update(
new  BasicDBObject().append( " hosting " " hostB " ), newDocument);

   则输出如下:

  { " _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " x " } ,  " hosting "  :  " hostA "  ,  " type "  :  " vps "  ,  " clients "  :  1000 }
  {
" _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " x " } ,  " hosting "  :  " hostB "  ,  " type "  :  " dedicated server "  ,  " clients "  :  199 }
  {
" _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " x " } ,  " hosting "  :  " hostC "  ,  " type "  :  " vps "  ,  " clients "  :  900 }

   接下来,讲解$set修饰符的使用。比如要把hosting中值为hostA的document中的

  type的值进行修改,则可以如下实现:

  BasicDBObject newDocument3  = new  BasicDBObject().append( " $set " ,
  
new  BasicDBObject().append( " type " " dedicated server " ));
  collection.update(
new  BasicDBObject().append( " hosting " " hostA " ), newDocument3);

   则输出如下,把type的值从vps改为dedicated server:

  { " _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " x " } ,  " hosting "  :  " hostB "  ,  " type "  :  " dedicated server "  ,  " clients "  :  100 }
  {
" _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " x " } ,  " hosting "  :  " hostC "  ,  " type "  :  " vps "  ,  " clients "  :  900 }
  {
" _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " x " } ,  " hosting "  :  " hostA "  ,  " clients "  :  1000  ,  " type "  :  " dedicated server " }

   要注意的是,如果不使用$set的修饰符,而只是如下代码:

  BasicDBObject newDocument3  = new  BasicDBObject().append( " type " " dedicated server " );
  collection.update(
new  BasicDBObject().append( " hosting " " hostA " ), newDocument3);

   则会将所有的三个document的type类型都改为dedicated server了,因此要使用$set以更新特定的document的特定的值。

  如果要更新多个document中相同的值,可以使用$multi,比如,要把所有vps为type的document,将它们的clients的值更新为888,可以如下实现:

  BasicDBObject updateQuery  = new  BasicDBObject().append( " $set " ,
  
new  BasicDBObject().append( " clients " " 888 " ));
  collection.update(
new  BasicDBObject().append( " type " " vps " ), updateQuery,  false true );
 

  输出如下:

  { " _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " x " } ,  " hosting "  :  " hostA "  ,  " clients "  :  " 888 "  ,  " type "  :  " vps " }
  {
" _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " x " } ,  " hosting "  :  " hostB "  ,  " type "  :  " dedicated server "  ,  " clients "  :  100 }
  {
" _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " x " } ,  " hosting "  :  " hostC "  ,  " clients "  :  " 888 "  ,  " type "  :  " vps " }

  最后,还是给出更新document的完整例子:

   package  com.liao;
  
import  java.net.UnknownHostException;
  
import  com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
  
import  com.mongodb.DB;
  
import  com.mongodb.DBCollection;
  
import  com.mongodb.DBCursor;
  
import  com.mongodb.Mongo;
  
import  com.mongodb.MongoException;
  publicclass UpdateDocumentApp {
  publicstaticvoid printAllDocuments(DBCollection collection){
  DBCursor cursor 
=  collection.find();
  
while  (cursor.hasNext()) {
  System.out.println(cursor.next());
  }
  }
  publicstaticvoid removeAllDocuments(DBCollection collection){
  collection.remove(
new  BasicDBObject());
  }
  publicstaticvoid insertDummyDocuments(DBCollection collection){
  BasicDBObject document 
=   new  BasicDBObject();
  document.put(
" hosting " " hostA " );
  document.put(
" type " " vps " );
  document.put(
" clients " 1000 );
  BasicDBObject document2 
=   new  BasicDBObject();
  document2.put(
" hosting " " hostB " );
  document2.put(
" type " " dedicated server " );
  document2.put(
" clients " 100 );
  BasicDBObject document3 
=   new  BasicDBObject();
  document3.put(
" hosting " " hostC " );
  document3.put(
" type " " vps " );
  document3.put(
" clients " 900 );
  collection.insert(document);
  collection.insert(document2);
  collection.insert(document3);
  }
  publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {
  
try  {
  Mongo mongo 
=   new  Mongo( " localhost " 27017 );
  DB db 
=  mongo.getDB( " yourdb " );
  DBCollection collection 
=  db.getCollection( " dummyColl " );
  System.out.println(
" Testing 1... " );
  insertDummyDocuments(collection);
  
// find hosting = hostB, and update it with new document
  BasicDBObject newDocument  =   new  BasicDBObject();
  newDocument.put(
" hosting " " hostB " );
  newDocument.put(
" type " " shared host " );
  newDocument.put(
" clients " 111 );
  collection.update(
new  BasicDBObject().append( " hosting " " hostB " ), newDocument);
  printAllDocuments(collection);
  removeAllDocuments(collection);
  System.out.println(
" Testing 2... " );
  insertDummyDocuments(collection);
  BasicDBObject newDocument2 
=   new  BasicDBObject().append( " $inc " ,
  
new  BasicDBObject().append( " clients " 99 ));
  collection.update(
new  BasicDBObject().append( " hosting " " hostB " ), newDocument2);
  printAllDocuments(collection);
  removeAllDocuments(collection);
  System.out.println(
" Testing 3... " );
  insertDummyDocuments(collection);
  BasicDBObject newDocument3 
=   new  BasicDBObject().append( " $set " ,
  
new  BasicDBObject().append( " type " " dedicated server " ));
  collection.update(
new  BasicDBObject().append( " hosting " " hostA " ), newDocument3);
  printAllDocuments(collection);
  removeAllDocuments(collection);
  System.out.println(
" Testing 4... " );
  insertDummyDocuments(collection);
  BasicDBObject updateQuery 
=   new  BasicDBObject().append( " $set " ,
  
new  BasicDBObject().append( " clients " " 888 " ));
  collection.update(
  
new  BasicDBObject().append( " type " " vps " ), updateQuery,  false true );
  printAllDocuments(collection);
  removeAllDocuments(collection);
  System.out.println(
" Done " );
  } 
catch  (UnknownHostException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  } 
catch  (MongoException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  }
  }

  查询Document

  下面学习如何查询document,先用下面的代码往数据库中插入1-10数字:

   for ( int  i = 1 ; i  <= 10 ; i ++ ){
  collection.insert(
new  BasicDBObject().append( " number " , i));

  }

   接下来,看下如下的例子:

  1) 获得数据库中的第一个document:

  DBObject doc  =  collection.findOne();
  System.out.println(dbObject);

   输出为:

  { " _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " 4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80bd " } ,  " number "  :  1 }

   2)获得document的集合

  DBCursor cursor  =  collection.find();
  
while (cursor.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursor.next());
  }

   这里,使用collection.find()方法,获得当前数据库中所有的documents对象集合

  然后通过对DBCursor对象集合的遍历,即可输出当前所有documents。输出如下:

  { " _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " 4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80bd " } ,  " number "  :  1 }
  
// ..........中间部分省略,为2到9的输出
  { " _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " 4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c6 " } ,  " number "  :  10 }

   3) 获取指定的document

  比如要获得number=5的document对象内容,可以使用collection的find方法即可,如下:

  BasicDBObject query  = new  BasicDBObject();
  query.put(
" number " 5 );
  DBCursor cursor 
=  collection.find(query);
  
while (cursor.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursor.next());
  }

   即输出:

  { " _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " 4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c1 " } ,  " number "  :  5 }

   4) 使用in操作符号

  在mongodb中,也可以使用in操作符,比如要获得number=9和number=10的document对象,可以如下操作:

  BasicDBObject query  = new  BasicDBObject();
  List list 
= new  ArrayList();
  list.add(
9 );
  list.add(
10 );
  query.put(
" number " new  BasicDBObject( " $in " , list));
  DBCursor cursor 
=  collection.find(query);
  
while (cursor.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursor.next());
  }

   这里使用了一个List,并将list传入到BasicDBObject的构造函数中,并使用了in操作符号,输出如下:

  { " _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " 4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c5 " } ,  " number "  :  9 }
  {
" _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " 4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c6 " } ,  " number "  :  10 }

  5) 使用>,<等比较符号

  在mongodb中,也可以使用比如>,<等数量比较符号,比如要输出number>5的document集合,则使用“$gt”即可,同理,小于关系则使用$lt,例子如下:

  BasicDBObject query  = new  BasicDBObject();
  query.put(
" number " new  BasicDBObject( " $gt " 5 ));
  DBCursor cursor 
=  collection.find(query);
  
while (cursor.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursor.next());
  }

   输出如下:

  { " _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " 4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c2 " } ,  " number "  :  6 }
  {
" _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " 4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c3 " } ,  " number "  :  7 }
  {
" _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " 4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c4 " } ,  " number "  :  8 }
  {
" _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " 4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c5 " } ,  " number "  :  9 }
  {
" _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " 4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c6 " } ,  " number "  :  10 }
  也可以多个比较符号一起使用,比如要输出number
> 5和number < 8的document,则如下:
  BasicDBObject query 
= new  BasicDBObject();
  query.put(
" number " new  BasicDBObject( " $gt " 5 ).append( " $lt " 8 ));
  DBCursor cursor 
=  collection.find(query);
  
while (cursor.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursor.next());
  }

   同样,如果是不等于的关系的话,可以使用$ne操作符,如下:

  BasicDBObject query5  = new  BasicDBObject();
  query5.put(
" number " new  BasicDBObject( " $ne " 8 ));
  DBCursor cursor6 
=  collection.find(query5);
  
while (cursor6.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursor6.next());
  }

   以上输出number=8之外的所有document。

  删除document

  下面我们学习如何删除document,依然以上面的已插入的1-10的documents集合为例说明:

  1) 删除第一个document

  DBObject doc  =  collection.findOne();
  collection.remove(doc);

   2) 删除指定的document

  比如删除number=2的document,如下方法:

  BasicDBObject document  = new  BasicDBObject();
  document.put(
" number " 2 );
  collection.remove(document);

   要注意的是,如下的方法将只会删除number=3的document。

  BasicDBObject document  = new  BasicDBObject();
  document.put(
" number " 2 );
  document.put(
" number " 3 );
  collection.remove(document);

  3) 使用in 操作符号指定删除document

  下面的例子将同时删除number=4和number=5的document,使用的是in操作符

  BasicDBObject query2  = new  BasicDBObject();
  List list 
= new  ArrayList();
  list.add(
4 );
  list.add(
5 );
  query2.put(
" number " new  BasicDBObject( " $in " , list));
  collection.remove(query2);

  4) 使用“$gt”删除大于某个值的document

  BasicDBObject query  = new  BasicDBObject();
  query.put(
" number " new  BasicDBObject( " $gt " 9 ));
  collection.remove(query);

  以上会删除number=10的document。

  5) 删除所有的document

  DBCursor cursor  =  collection.find();
  
while (cursor.hasNext()){
  collection.remove(cursor.next());
  }

  保存图片到Mongodb

  下面将讲解如何使用Java MongoDB GridFS API去保存图片等二进制文件到Monodb,关于Java MongoDB GridFS API的详细论述,请参考http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/GridFS+Specification

  1)保存图片

  代码段如下:

  String newFileName  = " mkyong-java-image " ;
  File imageFile 
= newFile( " c:\\JavaWebHosting.png " );
  GridFS gfsPhoto 
= new  GridFS(db,  " photo " );
  GridFSInputFile gfsFile 
=  gfsPhoto.createFile(imageFile);
  gfsFile.setFilename(newFileName);
  gfsFile.save();

  这里,将c盘下的JavaWebHosting.png保存到mongodb中去,并命名为mkyong-java-image。

  2) 读取图片信息

  代码段如下

  String newFileName  = " mkyong-java-image " ;
  GridFS gfsPhoto 
= new  GridFS(db,  " photo " );
  GridFSDBFile imageForOutput 
=  gfsPhoto.findOne(newFileName);
  System.out.println(imageForOutput);

  将会输出JSON格式的结果;

  {
  
" _id "  :
  {
  
" $oid "  :  " 4dc9511a14a7d017fee35746 "
  } ,
  
" chunkSize "  :  262144  ,
  
" length "  :  22672  ,
  
" md5 "  :  " 1462a6cfa27669af1d8d21c2d7dd1f8b "  ,
  
" filename "  :  " mkyong-java-image "  ,
  
" contentType "  :  null  ,
  
" uploadDate "  :
  {
  
" $date "  :  " 2011-05-10T14:52:10Z "
  } ,
  
" aliases "  :  null
  }

  可以看到,输出的是文件的属性相关信息。


  3) 输出已保存的所有图片

  下面代码段,输出所有保存在photo命名空间下的图片信息:

  GridFS gfsPhoto  = new  GridFS(db,  " photo " );
  DBCursor cursor 
=  gfsPhoto.getFileList();
  
while (cursor.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursor.next());
  }

   4) 从数据库中读取一张图片并另存

  下面的代码段,从数据库中读取一张图片并另存为另外一张图片到磁盘中

  String newFileName  = " mkyong-java-image " ;
  GridFS gfsPhoto 
= new  GridFS(db,  " photo " );
  GridFSDBFile imageForOutput 
=  gfsPhoto.findOne(newFileName);
  imageForOutput.writeTo(
" c:\\JavaWebHostingNew.png " );

   5) 删除图片

  String newFileName  = " mkyong-java-image " ;
  GridFS gfsPhoto 
= new  GridFS(db,  " photo " );
  gfsPhoto.remove(gfsPhoto.findOne(newFileName));

   如何将JSON数据格式转化为DBObject格式

  在mongodb中,可以使用com.mongodb.util.JSON类,将JSON格式的字符串转变为DBObject对象。MongoDB for JAVA驱动中提供了用于向数据库中存储普通对象的接口DBObject,当一个文档从MongoDB中取出时,它会自动把文档转换成DBObject接口类型,要将它实例化为需要的对象。比如:

  {
  
' name '  :  ' mkyong ' ,
  
' age '  :  30
  }

   这样的JSON格式字符串,转换方法为:

  DBObject dbObject  = (DBObject) JSON.parse( " {'name':'mkyong', 'age':30} " );

   完整的代码如下:

  packagecom.mkyong.core;
  importjava.net.UnknownHostException;
  importcom.mongodb.DB;
  importcom.mongodb.DBCollection;
  importcom.mongodb.DBCursor;
  importcom.mongodb.DBObject;
  importcom.mongodb.Mongo;
  importcom.mongodb.MongoException;
  importcom.mongodb.util.JSON;
  
/**
  * Java MongoDB : Convert JSON data to DBObject
  *
  
*/
  publicclass App {
  publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){
  
try {
  Mongo mongo 
= new  Mongo( " localhost " 27017 );
  DB db 
=  mongo.getDB( " yourdb " );
  DBCollection collection 
=  db.getCollection( " dummyColl " );
  DBObject dbObject 
= (DBObject) JSON
  .parse(
" {'name':'mkyong', 'age':30} " );
  collection.insert(dbObject);
  DBCursor cursorDoc 
=  collection.find();
  
while (cursorDoc.hasNext()){
  System.out.println(cursorDoc.next());
  }
  System.out.println(
" Done " );
  }
catch (UnknownHostException e){
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
catch (MongoException e){
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  }
  }

   则输出为:

  { " _id "  : { " $oid "  :  " 4dc9ebb5237f275c2fe4959f " } ,  " name "  :  " mkyong "  ,  " age "  :  30 }
  Done

  可以看到,将JSON格式的数据类型直接转换为mongodb中的文档类型并输出。

  小结:

  本文学习了如何使用Mongodb for JAVA驱动,对mongodb进行日常的数据库操作,比如增加,删除和修改,下一篇教程中,将指导学习Spring对mongodb的操作。

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