实现strcmp()函数

一）strcmp()源代码

/***
*strcmp - compare two strings, returning less than, equal to, or greater than
*
*Purpose:
*       STRCMP compares two strings and returns an integer
*       to indicate whether the first is less than the second, the two are
*       equal, or whether the first is greater than the second.
*
*       Comparison is done byte by byte on an UNSIGNED basis, which is to
*       say that Null (0) is less than any other character (1-255).
*
*Entry:
*       const char * src - string for left-hand side of comparison
*       const char * dst - string for right-hand side of comparison
*
*Exit:
*       returns -1 if src <  dst
*       returns  0 if src == dst
*       returns +1 if src >  dst
*
*Exceptions:
*
*******************************************************************************/
 
int __cdecl strcmp (
        const char * src,
        const char * dst
        )
{
        int ret = 0 ;
 	//直到src和dst当前数值不相等且dst不为'\0'时,退出while
        while( ! (ret = *(unsigned char *)src - *(unsigned char *)dst) && *dst) 
                ++src, ++dst;
 
        if ( ret < 0 )
                ret = -1 ;
        else if ( ret > 0 )
                ret = 1 ;
 
        return( ret );
}

说明：我们要看的是while循环这个语句， ! (ret = *(unsigned char *)src - *(unsigned char *)dst)意思是拿指针变量src所指向的字符值（即*src）减去指针变量dst所指向的字符值（即*dst），差值赋给ret，再取非运算，最后与*dst进行与运算；
拿abc<abcd举例，第一次因为a=a，则执行++src, ++dst；2次自加后，ret值为负，跳出while语句，执行if语句的判断，输出为-1；
这里要注意的是：
1.unsigned char*是强制转换类型。
2.若src和dst都为空串，返回值是多少呢？因为空串不是指地址为空，还是有地址的，这样就很明确了。

二）实现的strcmp()函数

#include "stdio.h"

int strcmp(const char *pStr1, const char *pStr2)
{
	if(NULL == pStr1 && NULL == pStr2)
	{
		return 0;
	}
	while(('\0' != *pStr1) && ('\0' != *pStr2))
	{
		if(*pStr1 < *pStr2)
		{
			return -1;
		}
		else if(*pStr1 > *pStr2)
		{
			return 1;
		}
		else
		{
			++ pStr1, ++ pStr2;
		}
	}

	if(('\0' == *pStr1) && ('\0' == *pStr2))
	{
		return 0;
	}
	else if(('\0' == *pStr1) && ('\0' != *pStr2))
	{
		return -1;
	}
	else 
	{
		return 1;
	}
}
int main()
{
	char str1[] = "abcdeftghhlllg";

	char str2[] = "abcdeftghhtthhh";

	printf("the Result is: %d\n",strcmp(str1, str2));
	   
	return 0;
}