如果我们想要读取或者向SD卡写入,这时就必须先要判断一个SD卡的状态,否则有可能出错。
那么SD卡状态为什么时才能读取呢,经过我的各种情况的实践,大致如下:
通过上表可以看出,只有在SD卡状态为 MEDIA_MOUNTED 时/mnt/sdcard目录才是可读可写,并且可以创建目录及文件。
所以我们读取SD卡时一般会这么写:
[mw_shl_code=java,true]String state;
String path;
state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
if (state.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();
}[/mw_shl_code]
读写SD卡记得加这两个权限:
[mw_shl_code=java,true] <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>[/mw_shl_code]
那么SD卡状态为什么时才能读取呢,经过我的各种情况的实践,大致如下:
SD状态 |
现象描述
|
/mnt/sdcard目录是否存在
|
canRead返回
|
canWrite返回
|
在/mnt/sdcard创建文件
|
在/mnt/sdcard创建文件夹
|
|
MEDIA_MOUNTED |
SD卡正常挂载
|
TRUE
|
TRUE
|
TRUE
|
TRUE
|
TRUE
|
|
MEDIA_REMOVED |
无介质
|
TRUE
|
FALSE
|
FALSE
|
false: 原因Permission denied
|
FALSE
|
|
MEDIA_UNMOUNTED |
有介质,未挂载,在系统中删除
|
TRUE
|
FALSE
|
FALSE
|
false: 原因Permission denied
|
FALSE
|
|
MEDIA_BAD_REMOVAL |
介质在挂载前被移除,直接取出SD卡
|
TRUE
|
FALSE
|
FALSE
|
false: 原因Permission denied
|
FALSE
|
|
MEDIA_CHECKING |
正在磁盘检查,刚装上SD卡时
|
TRUE
|
FALSE
|
FALSE
|
false: 原因Permission denied
|
FALSE
|
|
MEDIA_SHARED |
SD卡存在但没有挂载,并且通过USB大容量存储共享,操作打开USB存储
|
TRUE
|
FALSE
|
FALSE
|
false: 原因Permission denied
|
FALSE
|
|
MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY |
sd卡存在并且已挂载,但是挂载方式为只读
|
|
|
-
|
-
|
| 无法模拟,SD卡不允许修改权限 |
MEDIA_NOFS |
介质存在但是为空白或用在不支持的文件系统
|
|
|
-
|
-
|
| 无法模拟,SD卡格式化后再加载会自动生成系统文件 |
MEDIA_UNMOUNTABLE |
存在SD卡但是不能挂载,例如发生在介质损坏
|
|
|
-
|
-
|
| 无法模拟 |
通过上表可以看出,只有在SD卡状态为 MEDIA_MOUNTED 时/mnt/sdcard目录才是可读可写,并且可以创建目录及文件。
所以我们读取SD卡时一般会这么写:
[mw_shl_code=java,true]String state;
String path;
state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
if (state.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();
}[/mw_shl_code]
读写SD卡记得加这两个权限:
[mw_shl_code=java,true] <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>[/mw_shl_code]
Environment.getExternalStorageState:mounted
Environment.getDownloadCacheDirectory().getPath():/cache
Environment.getDataDirectory().getPath():/data
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath():/mnt/sdcard
Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory().getPath():/mnt/sdcard/Pictures
Environment.getRootDirectory().getPath():/system
Environment.getDownloadCacheDirectory().getAbsolutePath():/cache
Environment.getDataDirectory().getAbsolutePath():/data
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath():/mnt/sdcard
Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory().getAbsolutePath():/mnt/sdcard/Pictures
Environment.getRootDirectory().getAbsolutePath():/system
Environment.getExternalStorageState:mounted
Environment.getDownloadCacheDirectory().getPath():/cache
Environment.getDataDirectory().getPath():/data
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getPath():/mnt/sdcard
Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory().getPath():/mnt/sdcard/Pictures
Environment.getRootDirectory().getPath():/system
Environment.getDownloadCacheDirectory().getAbsolutePath():/cache
Environment.getDataDirectory().getAbsolutePath():/data
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath():/mnt/sdcard
Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory().getAbsolutePath():/mnt/sdcard/Pictures
Environment.getRootDirectory().getAbsolutePath():/system
判断SD卡是否可用:
if(!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
Log.d(tag, "sdcard不可用!");
Toast.makeText(context, "没有找到SDCard!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
return ;
};