解析XML文件时的乱码问题

使用的是SAX解析器：

Java代码

1. DocumentBuilderFactory doDocumentBuilder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
2. DocumentBuilder docBuilder = doDocumentBuilder.newDocumentBuilder();

    DocumentBuilderFactory doDocumentBuilder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
    DocumentBuilder docBuilder = doDocumentBuilder.newDocumentBuilder();

1. 输入流是字符流，经过InputSource封装后，解析器可以直接读取该流：

Java代码

1. BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("dialect.xml"), "WINDOWS-1252"));
2. InputSource is = new InputSource(reader);
3. Document doc = docBuilder.parse(is);
4. doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();

	BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("dialect.xml"), "WINDOWS-1252"));
	InputSource is = new InputSource(reader);
	Document doc = docBuilder.parse(is);
	doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();

2. 输入流是字节流：

a. 使用在InputSource中指定的编码，所以要调用setEncoding()方法来指定编码。

Java代码

1. BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("dialect.xml"));
2. InputSource is = new InputSource(bis);
3. is.setEncoding("WINDOWS-1252");
4. Document doc = docBuilder.parse(is);

	BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("dialect.xml"));
	InputSource is = new InputSource(bis);
	is.setEncoding("WINDOWS-1252");
	Document doc = docBuilder.parse(is);

b. 如果没有传入编码参数，解析器会根据XML文件中声明的编码来解析

Xml代码

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="WINDOWS-1252"?>
2. <dialects>
3. </dialects>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="WINDOWS-1252"?>
<dialects>
</dialects>

c. 如果XML文件中也没有编码声明，则根据XML规范中的算法自动探测字符编码，这样很有可能产生乱码情况。