由于之前使用的《spring实战》第二版版本太老,所以我在接下来的文章会开始使用《spring实战》第四版。在第四版的书中,书从第五章就开始使用MVC进行web开发,和本系列的专题进度相仿,所以我会从第五章重新开始。另外,在第四版的书中,给了一个SpringMVC开发类似twitter的网站的例子,我也会根据这个例子,来展示如何使SpringMVC。
在这本书和我们之前构建SpringMVC的方式不同,作者使用的是纯Java配置的方式,极少的应用了XML。我觉得这是很好的一种方式,方便快捷。但是,我们之前XML的方式,条理也很清晰,不是么?
1.构建一个maven的项目,在maven的项目结构下新建包,完善项目结构:
2.配置你的pom.xml中的依赖:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>spitter</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>spitter Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<!-- Generic properties -->
<java.version>1.6</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<!-- Web -->
<jsp.version>2.2</jsp.version>
<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
<servlet.version>3.1.0</servlet.version>
<!-- Spring -->
<spring-framework.version>3.2.3.RELEASE</spring-framework.version>
<!-- Hibernate / JPA -->
<hibernate.version>4.2.1.Final</hibernate.version>
<!-- Logging -->
<logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version>
<slf4j.version>1.7.5</slf4j.version>
<!-- Test -->
<junit.version>4.11</junit.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring MVC -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Other Web dependencies -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>${jstl.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${servlet.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>${jsp.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring and Transactions -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Logging with SLF4J & LogBack -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Hibernate -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Test Artifacts -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Apache Commons Lang, a package of Java utility classes for the classes
that are in java. -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Mock objects library for java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
<version>1.10.19</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.validation</groupId>
<artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>
<version>1.1.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>4.2.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tiles</groupId>
<artifactId>tiles-jsp</artifactId>
<version>3.0.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- XML/XHTML/HTML5 template engine for Java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring3</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>1.3.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
-->
<!-- MySQL JDBC Type 4 driver -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.38</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>spitter</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
<configuration>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3. 构建配置我们的DispatcherServlet
DispatcherServlet作为我们SpringMVC的核心,是我们需要首先配置组件。在我们使用Java配置时,要构建类似这样的一个类:
package spitter.config;
/**
* Created by YanMing on 2017/2/26.
*/
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
public class SpittrWebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[] { "/" };
}
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class<?>[] { RootConfig.class };
}
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class<?>[] { WebConfig.class };
}
}
这个类继承了AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer,他是用来配置我们的DispatcherServlet,初始化我们Spring的容器的。
getServletMappings()函数,类似于我们之前配置的,我们的URL起始是以"/"的。对比我们之前的配置方法,你是不是突然想到我们之前用过的一个很重要的东西?上下文载入器!对,就是我们之前使用过的ContextLoaderListener。这个是用来监听我们配置Spring的xml文件的。现在我们使用RootConfig和WebConfig
WebConfig:
package spitter.config;
/**
* Created by YanMing on 2017/2/26.
*/
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan("spitter.web")
public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
resolver.setExposeContextBeansAsAttributes(true);
return resolver;
}
@Override
public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
configurer.enable();
}
}
在WebConfig中,我们首先使用@configuration注解,告诉Spring这是一个配置类,同时,使用@ComponentScan注解,声明Controller存在的包。声明一个用于解析视图的Bean,告诉Servlet,jsp文件的存在路径。
RootConfig:
package spitter.config;
/**
* Created by YanMing on 2017/2/26.
*/
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan.Filter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = { "spitter" }, excludeFilters = {
@Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, value = EnableWebMvc.class) })
public class RootConfig {
}
由于这个小例子是用于web开发的所以,在《Spring实战》也没有对RootConfig进行过多的解释。RootConfig配置了基础包的路径。
4.编写你的控制器:
package spitter.web;
/**
* Created by YanMing on 2017/2/26.
*/
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@Controller // 声明一个控制器
public class HomeController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello", method = RequestMethod.GET) // 处理GET请求
public String home() {
return "home";
}
}
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: YanMing
Date: 2017/2/26
Time: 16:01
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="spring" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags"%>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Spittr</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="<c:url value="/resources/style.css" />">
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to Spittr</h1>
<a href="<c:url value="/spittles" />">Spittles</a> |
<a href="<c:url value="/spitter/register" />">Register</a>
</body>
</html>
在如果你把上述代码输入intellij,idea可能会在 两个链接处报错。不用理他,这是因为我们还没有完善这两个链接对应的controller。
6.像之前那样配置tomcat:
如果你忘了tomcat配置,这里是传送门!
7.运行tomcat,输入 http://localhost:8080/hello