Ruby文件操作

一、 新建文件

f=File.new(File.join("C:","Test.txt"),"w+")

f.puts("I am Jack")

f.puts("Hello World")

文件模式

"r" ：Read-only. Starts at beginning of file (default mode).

"r+" ：Read-write. Starts at beginning of file.

"w" ：Write-only. Truncates existing file to zero length or creates a new file for writing.

"w+" ：Read-write. Truncates existing file to zero length or creates a new file for reading and writing.

"a" ：Write-only. Starts at end of file if file exists; otherwise, creates a new file for writing.

"a+" ：Read-write. Starts at end of file if file exists; otherwise, creates a new file for reading and writing.

"b" ：(DOS/Windows only.) Binary file mode. May appear with any of the key letters listed above

二、读取文件

file=File.open(File.join("C:","Test.txt"),"r")

file.each{ |line| print"#{file.lineno}.", line }

file.close

三、新建、删除、重命名文件

File.new("books.txt","w")

File.rename( "books.txt", "chaps.txt")

File.delete( "chaps.txt" )

四、目录操作

1

创建目录

Dir.mkdir("c:/testdir")

04

#删除目录

05	Dir.rmdir("c:/testdir")

07

#查询目录里的文件

08	p Dir.entries(File.join("C:","Ruby")).join(' ')

10

#遍历目录

11	Dir.entries(File.join("C:","Ruby")).each{

|e| puts e

}

1、ARGV and ARGF

ARGV

ARGV << "cnblogslink.txt"

#The gets method is a Kernel method that gets lines from ARGV

print whilegets

p ARGV.class

ARGF

while line = ARGF.gets

print line

end

2、文件信息查询

#文件是否存在

p File::exists?("cnblogslink.txt")# => true

#是否是文件

p File.file?("cnblogslink.txt") # => true

#是否是目录

p File::directory?("c:/ruby") # => true

p File::directory?("cnblogslink.txt") # => false

#文件权限

p File.readable?("cnblogslink.txt")# => true

p File.writable?("cnblogslink.txt") # => true

p File.executable?("cnblogslink.txt") # => false

#是否是零长度

p File.zero?("cnblogslink.txt") # => false

#文件大小 bytes

p File.size?("cnblogslink.txt") # => 74

p File.size("cnblogslink.txt") # => 74

#文件或文件夹

p File::ftype("cnblogslink.txt") # => "file"

#文件创建、修改、最后一次存取时间

p File::ctime("cnblogslink.txt") # => Sat Sep 19 08:05:07 +0800 2009

p File::mtime("cnblogslink.txt") # => Sat Sep 19 08:06:34 +0800 2009

p File::atime("cnblogslink.txt") # => Sat Sep 19 08:05:07 +0800 2009

3、查找文件

puts "查找目录下所有文件及文件夹"

Dir["c:/ruby/*"].each{|x|

puts x

}

puts "条件查询"

Dir.foreach('c:/ruby') {

|x| puts x ifx !="." && x !=".."

}

puts "查找某一类型文件"

Dir["*.rb"].each{|x|

puts x

}

puts "Open 查询"

Dir.open('c:/ruby') { |d| d.grep /l/ }.each{|x| puts x}

puts "---------------------------"

puts "正则表达式查询"

Dir["c:/ruby/ruby/[rs]*"].each{|x| puts x}

puts "------------------------"

Dir["c:/ruby/[^s]*"].each{|x| puts x}

puts "------------------------"

Dir["c:/ruby/{ruby,li}*"].each{|x| puts x}

puts "------------------------"

Dir["c:/ruby/?b*"].each{|x| puts x}

puts "查找目录及子目录的文件"

require 'find'

Find.find('./') { |path| puts path }

 

 

加载文件时需要：

require ‘file’

但是加载这个文件前需要有个上下文环境，如：

$:.unshift(File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__),’..’,’file’)))

require 如果返回true，说明成功读取了新的功能

加载路径，就是默认ruby启动的时候会在这些路径里去寻找可以加载的类库。ruby加载路径放在一个变量$LOAD_PATH($:)里。

函数解释：

File.dirname(__FILE__) 得到当前文件的路径

File.join(‘x’,’y’,’z’) 相当于x/y/z

File.expand_path('./x/y/z) 组成一个绝对路径

$:.unshift("file")加入到$:变量中

支持通配符各正则表达式:

Dir.glob(Dir.glob(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '../*.rb')).each {|f| require f }