一 安装
rpm安装后启动不成功，改用压缩包编译
1）建立相应目录和组：
# mkdir /usr/local/mysql
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql mysql //useradd -g mysql -d /usr/local/mysql name
2）开始安装mysql
# tar xzvf mysql-5.0.22.tar.gz //解压缩
# cd mysql-5.0.22 //进入解压后的文件目录
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql / //设定安装目录
--enable-thread-safe-client / //编译线程安全版的客户端库
--without-debug / //关闭debug功能
--with-extra-charsets=gb2312 / //添加gb2312中文字符支持
--enable-assembler / //使用一些字符函数的汇编版本
# make //编译
# make install //安装
3）copy配置文件
有large，medium，small三个环境下的，根据机器性能选择，如果负荷比较大，可修改里面的一些变量的内存使用值
# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf //复制配置文件
4）更改目录权限和组
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# chown -R mysql .
# chgrp -R mysql .
5）建立数据库和表
# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql //初始化授权
6）再次更改目录权限和组
# chown -R root .
# chown -R mysql var
7）启动MySQL服务
# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
//启动MySQL(The & character tells the operating system to run MySQL in the background;
//it is ignored by MySQL itself.
//如果报错，注意及时查看/usr/local/mysql/var/下的日志文件)
8）设置MySQL启动服务
# cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld //在自动启动列表里添加mysqld
# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
9）修改MySQL密码
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' //修改密码
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost password 'new-password'
// 将localhost替换成你的主机域名，比如：zhaorg.csu.edu.cn
10）登录mysql数据库：
# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
# ./mysql -u root -p
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p new-password shutdown //关闭MySQL
二 开发
头文件：#include <mysql/mysql.h>
编译选项：
gcc -o server server.c –I /usr/include/mysql –L /usr/lib/mysql –l mysqlclient –lz –lm
连接过程：
Step 1：连接数据库
建立MYSQL mysql；
mysql_init(&mysql)；初始化
mysql_real_connect(&mysql,”hostname”,”username”,”password”,”database”,0,NULL,0);
Step 2：执行SQL语句
mysql_real_query(&mysql,SQL);
Step 3：获取查询结果
建立MYSQL_RES结构 *res;
res = mysql_store_result(&mysql);
Step 4：获取查询结果每一行，并进行相应处理
mysql_fetch_row(res);
mysql_num_fields(res); 获取结果的字段数
printf(“%s/n”,row[index]);
Step 5：释放资源
mysql_free_result(res);
mysql_close(&mysql);
三 例子
下面有一个用GCC编译的例子希望对你有所帮助.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<mysql.h>
int main()
{
/*declare structures and variables */
MYSQL mysql;
MYSQL_RES *result;
MYSQL_ROW row;
//initialize MYSQL structure
mysql_init(&mysql);
//connect to database
mysql_real_connect(&mysql,"localhost","john","doe","db1",0,null,0);
//execute query
mysql_query(&mysql,"select title,author from books");
//get result set
result=mysql_store_result(&mysql);
//process result set
while((row=mysql_fetch_row(result))
{
fprintf(stdout,"%s - %s/n",row[0],row[1]);
}
//clean up
mysql_free_result(result);
mysql_close(&mysql);
}
(假设mysql安装在/usr/local/mysql目录下)
完成之后,保存该文件(名为:sample.c),并且进行编译:
[user@host]$ /usr/bin/gcc sample.c -o sample.bin -I/usr/local/mysql/include -L/usr/local/mysql/lib -lmysclient -lz
-lmysclient 选项告诉连接程序连接libmysqlclient库,而-I和-L选项告诉编译程序在什么位置分别查找MySQL头文件和库,-o选项告诉编译程序分配给最终可执行二进制文件的名称.如果没有使用这些变量,GCC则使用默认值a.out
说明:我不是用linux的,恰好我这里有这样的一个例子,所以拿出来希望对你有所帮助,更加详细到mysql的官方网站上去看吧.
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/4.1/en/apis.html
四 参考命令
mysqladmin -u root password 123456 设置root的密码为123456
grant all privileges on *.* to today@localhost identified by "todaylxp";
mysql>create database sampdb;
mysql>create table new (name char(20),phone char(20));
mysql>insert into new (’abc,’0532555555’);
mysql>show database;
mysql
sampdb
test
mysql>use sampdb;
mysql>show tables;
new
五 错误记录
[root@localhost cplusproject]# gcc sample.c -o sample.bin -I/usr/local/mysql/include -L/usr/local/mysql/lib
sample.c:2:21: 错误：mysql.h：没有那个文件或目录
sample.c: 在函数 ‘main’ 中：
sample.c:6: 错误：‘MYSQL’ 未声明 (在此函数内第一次使用)
sample.c:6: 错误：(即使在一个函数内多次出现，每个未声明的标识符在其
sample.c:6: 错误：所在的函数内只报告一次。)
sample.c:6: 错误：expected ‘;’ before ‘mysql’
sample.c:7: 错误：‘MYSQL_RES’ 未声明 (在此函数内第一次使用)
sample.c:7: 错误：‘result’ 未声明 (在此函数内第一次使用)
sample.c:8: 错误：‘MYSQL_ROW’ 未声明 (在此函数内第一次使用)
sample.c:8: 错误：expected ‘;’ before ‘row’
sample.c:12: 错误：‘mysql’ 未声明 (在此函数内第一次使用)
sample.c:16: 错误：‘null’ 未声明 (在此函数内第一次使用)
sample.c:25: 错误：‘row’ 未声明 (在此函数内第一次使用)
sample.c:26: 错误：expected ‘)’ before ‘{’ token
sample.c:33: 错误：expected expression before ‘}’ token
[root@localhost cplusproject]# vi sample.c
[root@localhost cplusproject]# gcc sample.c -o sample.bin -I/usr/local/mysql/include -L/usr/local/mysql/lib
sample.c:2:22: 错误：mysql.h：没有那个文件或目录
sample.c: 在函数 ‘main’ 中：
sample.c:6: 错误：‘MYSQL’ 未声明 (在此函数内第一次使用)
sample.c:6: 错误：(即使在一个函数内多次出现，每个未声明的标识符在其
sample.c:6: 错误：所在的函数内只报告一次。)
sample.c:6: 错误：expected ‘;’ before ‘mysql’
sample.c:7: 错误：‘MYSQL_RES’ 未声明 (在此函数内第一次使用)
sample.c:7: 错误：‘result’ 未声明 (在此函数内第一次使用)
sample.c:8: 错误：‘MYSQL_ROW’ 未声明 (在此函数内第一次使用)
sample.c:8: 错误：expected ‘;’ before ‘row’
sample.c:12: 错误：‘mysql’ 未声明 (在此函数内第一次使用)
sample.c:16: 错误：‘null’ 未声明 (在此函数内第一次使用)
sample.c:25: 错误：‘row’ 未声明 (在此函数内第一次使用)
sample.c:26: 错误：expected ‘)’ before ‘{’ token
sample.c:33: 错误：expected expression before ‘}’ token
[root@localhost cplusproject]# vi sample.c
[root@localhost cplusproject]# gcc sample.c -o sample.bin -I/usr/local/mysql/include -L/usr/local/mysql/lib
sample.c: 在函数 ‘main’ 中：
sample.c:16: 错误：‘null’ 未声明 (在此函数内第一次使用)
sample.c:16: 错误：(即使在一个函数内多次出现，每个未声明的标识符在其
sample.c:16: 错误：所在的函数内只报告一次。)
sample.c:26: 错误：expected ‘)’ before ‘{’ token
sample.c:33: 错误：expected expression before ‘}’ token
[root@localhost cplusproject]# vi sample.c
[root@localhost cplusproject]# gcc sample.c -o sample.bin -I/usr/local/mysql/include -L/usr/local/mysql/lib
sample.c: 在函数 ‘main’ 中：
sample.c:26: 错误：expected ‘)’ before ‘{’ token
sample.c:33: 错误：expected expression before ‘}’ token
[root@localhost cplusproject]# vi sample.c
[root@localhost cplusproject]# gcc sample.c -o sample.bin -I/usr/local/mysql/include -L/usr/local/mysql/lib
/tmp/ccauglxT.o: In function `main':
sample.c:(.text+0x1e): undefined reference to `mysql_init'
sample.c:(.text+0x64): undefined reference to `mysql_real_connect'
sample.c:(.text+0x7a): undefined reference to `mysql_query'
sample.c:(.text+0x88): undefined reference to `mysql_store_result'
sample.c:(.text+0xc3): undefined reference to `mysql_fetch_row'
sample.c:(.text+0xd7): undefined reference to `mysql_free_result'
sample.c:(.text+0xe5): undefined reference to `mysql_close'
collect2: ld 返回 1
[root@localhost cplusproject]# vi sample.c
[root@localhost cplusproject]# gcc sample.c -o sample.bin -I/usr/local/mysql/include/mysql -L/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql
/tmp/ccUaDjfQ.o: In function `main':
sample.c:(.text+0x1e): undefined reference to `mysql_init'
sample.c:(.text+0x64): undefined reference to `mysql_real_connect'
sample.c:(.text+0x7a): undefined reference to `mysql_query'
sample.c:(.text+0x88): undefined reference to `mysql_store_result'
sample.c:(.text+0xc3): undefined reference to `mysql_fetch_row'
sample.c:(.text+0xd7): undefined reference to `mysql_free_result'
sample.c:(.text+0xe5): undefined reference to `mysql_close'
collect2: ld 返回 1
[root@localhost cplusproject]# gcc sample.c -o sample.bin -I /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql -L /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql
/tmp/ccUDtNGD.o: In function `main':
sample.c:(.text+0x1e): undefined reference to `mysql_init'
sample.c:(.text+0x64): undefined reference to `mysql_real_connect'
sample.c:(.text+0x7a): undefined reference to `mysql_query'
sample.c:(.text+0x88): undefined reference to `mysql_store_result'
sample.c:(.text+0xc3): undefined reference to `mysql_fetch_row'
sample.c:(.text+0xd7): undefined reference to `mysql_free_result'
sample.c:(.text+0xe5): undefined reference to `mysql_close'
collect2: ld 返回 1
[root@localhost cplusproject]# gcc sample.c -o sample.bin -I /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql -L /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql -l mysqlclient -lz
[root@localhost cplusproject]# ./sample.bin
./sample.bin: error while loading shared libraries: libmysqlclient.so.15: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
库文件链接错误
1.库的路径要设置正确
2.要加上"-l mysqlclient -lz"
3.[root@localhost cplusproject]# cp /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.15 /usr/lib
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