WCF简易教程(转)

http://hi.baidu.com/mark58/blog/item/7450c050ef71126b84352442.html

 

很多学习WCF的例子，感觉受益匪浅，但是由于每个人学习的侧重点不同，一些很详细的细节例如每一个属性都是用来干什么的，建立不同的项目类型对创建的服务有什么区别等等，都不得而知。终于，在MSDN上发现了一篇入门教程。讲解的十分基本，十分详细，想进到每一个细节，然我彻底了解入门的每一个细节，整个教程结构清晰，代码简洁，讲解细致，值得推荐。
地址： http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms734712.aspx
做这分5部来讲解创建一个最基本的基于B/S构架的WCF应用。服务是根据输入的两个数字，返回这两个数字的加减乘除运算结果。
第一步：定义WCF服务契约（创建项目，加入引用，定义Interface）
第二部：引入WCF服务契约（添加具体服务函数）
第三部：构架WCF服务，运行WCF服务（添加Uri,定义服务对象地址，运行服务）
第四部：利用工具访问服务，自动生成WCF服务代理的代码文件
第五部：配置一个简单的WCF客户端（用客户端引入服务代理，通过服务代理来访问服务）
第六部：运行程序

How to: Define a Windows Communication Foundation Service Contract

How to: Implement a Windows Communication Foundation Service Contract

How to: Host and Run a Basic Windows Communication Foundation Service

How to: Create a Windows Communication Foundation Client

How to: Configure a Basic Windows Communication Foundation Client

How to: Use a Windows Communication Foundation Client

先建立一个解决方案。
在这个解决方案下面建立一个叫做Server的控制台应用项目，再建立一个叫做Client的控制台应用项目。
分别给每一个项目添加引用到System.ServiceModel
编辑每个项目下面的Program.cs

using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;

namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
{
    // Define a service contract.
    [ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
    public interface ICalculator
    {
        [OperationContract]
        double Add(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract]
        double Subtract(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract]
        double Multiply(double n1, double n2);
        [OperationContract]
        double Divide(double n1, double n2);
    }

    // Service class that implements the service contract.
    // Added code to write output to the console window.
    public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
    {
        public double Add(double n1, double n2)
        {
            double result = n1 + n2;
            Console.WriteLine("Received Add({0},{1})", n1, n2);
            Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
            return result;
        }

        public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
        {
            double result = n1 - n2;
            Console.WriteLine("Received Subtract({0},{1})", n1, n2);
            Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
            return result;
        }

        public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
        {
            double result = n1 * n2;
            Console.WriteLine("Received Multiply({0},{1})", n1, n2);
            Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
            return result;
        }

        public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
        {
            double result = n1 / n2;
            Console.WriteLine("Received Divide({0},{1})", n1, n2);
            Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
            return result;
        }
    }


    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            // Step 1 of the address configuration procedure: Create a URI to serve as the base address.
            Uri baseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/Service");

            // Step 1 of the hosting procedure: Create ServiceHost
            ServiceHost selfHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService), baseAddress);
            try
            {


                // Step 3 of the hosting procedure: Add a service endpoint.
                selfHost.AddServiceEndpoint(
                   typeof(ICalculator),
                   new WSHttpBinding(),
                    "CalculatorService");


                // Step 4 of the hosting procedure: Enable metadata exchange.
                ServiceMetadataBehavior smb = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();
                smb.HttpGetEnabled = true;
                selfHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(smb);

                // Step 5 of the hosting procedure: Start (and then stop) the service.
                selfHost.Open();
                Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.");
                Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.");
                Console.WriteLine();
                Console.ReadLine();

                // Close the ServiceHostBase to shutdown the service.
                selfHost.Close();
            }
            catch (CommunicationException ce)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("An exception occurred: {0}", ce.Message);
                selfHost.Abort();
            }
        }
    }
}

 

 

服务端创建好了以后，就可以试运行了。
这时候可以用微软提供的命令行工具访问这个服务，生成服务代理 app.config 和 generatedProxy.cs两个文件。

PATH=C:/WINDOWS/Microsoft.NET/Framework/v3.5

[Visual Basic]

svcutil.exe /language:vb /out:generatedProxy.vb /config:app.config http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service

[C#]

svcutil.exe /language:cs /out:generatedProxy.cs /config:app.config http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service

注意：实在server运行的时候，生成包装类。

当然，如果是已经运行的服务，可以使用VS引用就行了。

把这两个文件添加到客户端项目里去。
现在就可以编辑客户端代码了。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;

namespace ServiceModelSamples
{

    class Client
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            //Step 1: Create an endpoint address and an instance of the WCF Client.
            //EndpointAddress epAddress = new EndpointAddress("http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/Service/CalculatorService");
            //CalculatorClient client = new CalculatorClient(new WSHttpBinding(), epAddress);

            CalculatorClient client = new CalculatorClient();

            // Step 2: Call the service operations.
            // Call the Add service operation.
            double value1 = 100.00D;
            double value2 = 15.99D;
            double result = client.Add(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Add({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);

            // Call the Subtract service operation.
            value1 = 145.00D;
            value2 = 76.54D;
            result = client.Subtract(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Subtract({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);

            // Call the Multiply service operation.
            value1 = 9.00D;
            value2 = 81.25D;
            result = client.Multiply(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Multiply({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);

            // Call the Divide service operation.
            value1 = 22.00D;
            value2 = 7.00D;
            result = client.Divide(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Divide({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);

            //Step 3: Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources.
            client.Close();

            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate client.");
            Console.ReadLine();


        }
    }
}

每一个细节都包含在上面的这两个Program.cs文件中了，你大概看一下就会懂。比院子里大多数教材说得都清晰，特别适合像我一样爱刨根问底的初学者。:)
最后编译程序，试运行。（两个都是命令行程序，直接到那个编译好的目录里去找那个exe文件运行，先运行服务，再运行客户端）。