练习：c++实现string类

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

class MyString
{
public:
    MyString():pstring(NULL),m_size(0)
    {}
    MyString(const char *str);
    MyString(const MyString &obj);
    void show();
    char &operator[](int index);
    void operator=(const char *obj);
    MyString& operator=(const MyString&obj);
    MyString& operator+(const char *obj);
    MyString& operator+(const  MyString &obj);
    bool operator==(const MyString &obj);
private:
    char *pstring;
    int m_size;
};
bool MyString::operator==(const MyString &obj)
{
    if(this->m_size == obj.m_size)
    {
        int i=0;
        while(this->pstring[i] != '\0')
        {
            if(pstring[i] != obj.pstring[i])
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    else
    return false;
}
MyString& MyString::operator+(const  MyString &obj)
{
    char *temp = NULL;
    int num = 0;
    if(this->pstring != NULL)
    {
        temp = new char(m_size);
        num = m_size-1;
        strcpy(temp, pstring);
        delete pstring;
    }
    m_size = obj.m_size;
    m_size +=num; 
    pstring = new char[m_size];
    strncpy(pstring, temp,num);
    strncpy(pstring+num,obj.pstring,obj.m_size);
    return *this;
}
MyString& MyString::operator+(const char* obj)
{
    char *temp = NULL;
    int num = 0;
    if(this->pstring != NULL)
    {
        temp = new char(m_size);
        num = m_size-1;
        strcpy(temp, pstring);
        delete pstring;
    }
    m_size = strlen(obj)+1;
    m_size +=num; 
    pstring = new char[m_size];
    strncpy(pstring, temp,num);
    strncpy(pstring+num,obj,m_size-num);
    return *this;
}
MyString& MyString::operator=(const MyString&obj)
{   
    if(this == &obj)
    {
        return *this;
    }
    if(this->pstring != NULL)
    {
        delete pstring;
    }
    m_size = strlen(obj.pstring) + 1;
    pstring = new char[m_size];
    strcpy(pstring, obj.pstring);
    return *this;
}
void MyString::operator=(const char *obj)
{
    delete pstring;
    m_size = strlen(obj) + 1;
    pstring = new char[m_size];
    strcpy(pstring, obj);
}
char& MyString::operator[](int index)
{
    return pstring[index];
}
MyString::MyString(const char *str)
{
    m_size = strlen(str) + 1;
    pstring = new char[m_size];
    strcpy(pstring, str);
}
MyString::MyString(const MyString &obj)
{
    m_size = strlen(obj.pstring) + 1;
    pstring = new char[m_size];
    strcpy(pstring, obj.pstring);
}
void MyString::show()
{
    
    cout << pstring << "   m_size = " << m_size << endl;
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    MyString m1("hello word");
    m1.show();
    MyString m2(m1);
    m2.show();
    cout << m2[3] << endl;
    m2 = "nihao beijing";
    m2.show();

    MyString m3;
    m3 = m2 = m1;
    // m3.operator=(m2.operator=(m1));
    m1.show();
    m2.show();
    m3.show();

    cout << "--------" << endl;
    MyString m4("nihao ");
    m4 = m4 + "helloworld";
    m4.show();

    MyString m5("hahahaha");
    m5.show();
    m5 = m5 + m4;
    m5.show();
    if(m5 == m4)
    {
        cout << "m5 == m4" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "m5 != m4" << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

函数模板

通过建立一个通用的函数，其函数类型与形参类型不具体指定，用一个虚拟类型表示，被称为函数模板。

 template <typename T>

类型 函数名（T 形参名）

{
        

}

函数模板实现机制 

 二次编译/延迟编译：

1.编译时看到函数模板定义，只检查语法错误，不检查数据类型的错误。

2.当实例化对象时，看到模板函数，根据传递的模板实参类型检查类型错误。

这样的编译方式被称为二次编译。

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void add(int a, int b)
{
    cout << a << " " << b << endl;
}


template <typename T>
void add(T a, T b)
{
    cout << a << " " << b << endl;
}
template <typename T1,typename T2>
void print(T1 a, T2 b)
{
    cout << a << " " << b << endl;
}
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
    add(1,0);
    print('a',5);
    return 0;
}