Linux Shell学习小记 - function, here document, if statement, declare constant

发现直接上代码比用文字说明要快的多。这里把常用的语法示例列出，以备日后查询。

#!/bin/bash
# a note.

# define Constant
declare -r TITLE="THIS IS TITLE" # shell would prevent any subsequent assignment to TITLE
echo $TITLE

# function demo
say_hello() {
	echo "hello"
	return
}

function say_hello2() {
	echo "hello2"
	return
}

# invoke function
say_hello

# here document
cat << END_HERE
	hello man,
	I'm Neo Smith!
END_HERE

# here document without leading tabs
cat <<- END_HERE
	ignore leading tab.
	END_HERE

# if statement
FILE="/home/whf"
if [ ! -e "$FILE" ];then
	echo "file does not exist"
	exit 1
fi

if [ -f "$FILE" ]; then
	echo "regular file"
elif [ -d "$FILE" ]; then
	echo "directory"
else
	echo "none of them"
fi

# integer
num=5
if [ $num -eq 0 ]; then
	echo "zero"
elif [ $num -gt 0 ]; then
	echo "greater than zero"
else
	echo "less than zero"
fi

# string
str="hello"
if [ -n "$str" ]; then
	echo "not empty"
fi
if [ "$str" == "hello" ]; then
	echo "equall to hello"
fi

# operator
# only compatible with bash shell
if [[ $num > 0 && $num < 10 ]]; then
	echo "bigger than 0 but less than 10"
fi
# compatible with all kinds of shell
# -a : AND
# -o : OR
# ! : !
if [ $num -gt 10 -a $num -lt 20 ]; then
	echo "bigger than 10 but less than 20"
fi
# while-loop
ix=0
while [[ ix -lt 5 ]]; do
	echo $ix
	ix=$((ix+1))
done