Visual C++ 入门精解 出处：PConline 程序作者：管宁 个人网站：www.cndev-lab.com

第一部分

匈牙利命名法规则

　　一般情况下，变量的取名方式为：

<scope_> + <prefix_> + <qualifier>。

　　范围前缀_，类型前缀_，限定词。

特殊的类型命名,前缀表示：

　　类、接口

前缀	类型	例子	备注
Lm	Class	LmObject	表示类型本身 不与范围前缀结合使用
I	Interface 接口	IUnknown

　　注：类名前缀改为Lm，对于非全局的类最好有语义表示其所属模块。类的实例命名与类名大致相同，只是类名语义表示类的通用含义，而类名表示此实例的具体语义。如类名LmSketPoint表示草图点的类定义，而它的两个实例 _StartPoint,_EndPoint分别代表起点和终点的语义。类的实例命名带上前缀_。

　　特殊约定：
　　a． MouseTool的派生类的前缀为_Mt.
　　b． 对话框类的前缀为CDlg.
　　c． 橡皮条类的前缀为_Rb.

凡围前缀:

前缀	类型	例子	备注
g_	全局作用域	g_Servers
m_	成员变量	m_pDoc ,
l_	局部作用域	l_strName	少用

　　 注：编程时尽量少用全程变量，对于全程变量还应在类型前缀后加上如下关键字：

　　特征模块   ：    Fea
　　草图模块   ：    Sket
　　装配模块   ：    Asm
　　工程图模块：    Lay
　　曲面模块   ：    Surf
　　界面模块   ：    Ui

  常用的一般数据类型的前缀

前缀	类型	内存规格描述	例子
ch	char	8-bit character	chGrade
ch	TCHAR	16-bit character if _UNICODE is defined	chName
b	BOOL	Boolean value	bEnabled
n	int	Integer (size dependent on operating system)	nLength
n	UINT	Unsigned value (size dependent on operating system)	nLength
w	WORD	16-bit unsigned value	wPos
l	LONG	32-bit signed integer	lOffset
dw	DWORD	32-bit unsigned integer	dwRange
p	*	Ambient memory model pointer	pDoc
lp	FAR*	Far pointer	lpDoc
lpsz	LPSTR	32-bit pointer to character string	lpszName
lpsz	LPCSTR	32-bit pointer to constant character string	lpszName
lpsz	LPCTSTR	32-bit pointer to constant character string if _UNICODE is defined	lpszName
h	handle	Handle to Windows object	hWnd
lpfn	(*fn)()	callbackFar pointer to CALLBACK function	lpfnAbort

常用Windows对象名称缩写

Windows 对象	例子变量	MFC 类	例子对象
HWND	hWnd ;	CWnd *	pWnd ;
HDLG	hDlg ;	CDialog *	pDlg ;
HDC	hDC ;	CDC*	pDC ;
HGDIOBJ	hGdiObj ;	CGdiObject *	pGdiObj ;
HPEN	hPen ;	CPen *	pPen ;
HBRUSH	hBrush ;	CBrush *	pBrush ;
HFONT	hFont ;	CFont *	pFont ;
HBITMAP	hBitmap ;	CBitmap *	pBitmap ;
HPALETTE	hPalette ;	CPalette *	pPalette ;
HRGN	hRgn ;	CRgn *	pRgn ;
HMENU	hMenu ;	CMenu *	pMenu ;
HWND	hCtl ;	CStatic *	pStatic ;
HWND	hCtl ;	CButton *	pBtn ;
HWND	hCtl ;	CEdit *	pEdit ;
HWND	hCtl ;	CListBox *	pListBox ;
HWND	hCtl ;	CComboBox *	pComboBox ;

Visual C++常用宏定义命名列表

前缀	符号类型	符号例子	范围
IDR_	标识多个资源共享的类型	IDR_MAINFRAME	1 to 0x6FFF
IDD_	对话框资源(Dialog)	IDD_SPELL_CHECK	1 to 0x6FFF
IDB_	位图资源(Bitmap)	IDB_COMPANY_LOGO	1 to 0x6FFF
IDC_	光标资源(Cursor)	IDC_PENCIL	1 to 0x6FFF
IDI_	图标资源(Icon)	IDI_NOTEPAD	1 to 0x6FFF
ID_IDM_	工具栏或菜单栏的命令项	ID_TOOLS_SPELLING	0x8000 to 0xDFFF
HID_	命令上下文帮助(Command Help context)	HID_TOOLS_SPELLING	0x18000 to 0x1DFFF
IDP_	消息框提示文字资源	IDP_INVALID_PARTNO	8 to 0xDFFF
HIDP_	消息框上下文帮助(Message-box Help context)	HIDP_INVALID_PARTNO	0x30008 to 0x3DFFF
IDS_	字符串资源(String)	IDS_COPYRIGHT	1 to 0x7FFF
IDC_	对话框内的控制资源(Control)	IDC_RECALC	8 to 0xDFFF

VISUAL C++ 下的数据类型

类型	含义
ATOM	Atom. For more information, see Atoms.
BOOL	Boolean variable (should be TRUE or FALSE).
BOOLEAN	Boolean variable (should be TRUE or FALSE).
BYTE	Byte (8 bits).
CALLBACK	Calling convention for callback functions.
CHAR	8-bit Windows (ANSI) character. For more information, see Character Sets Used By Fonts.
COLORREF	Red, green, blue (RGB) color value (32 bits). See COLORREF for information on this type.
CONST	Variable whose value is to remain constant during execution.
DWORD	32-bit unsigned integer.
DWORD_PTR	Unsigned long type for pointer precision. Use when casting a pointer to a long type to perform pointer arithmetic. (Also commonly used for general 32-bit parameters that have been extended to 64 bits in 64-bit Windows. )
DWORD32	32-bit unsigned integer.
DWORD64	64-bit unsigned integer.
FLOAT	Floating-point variable.
HACCEL	Handle to an accelerator table.
HANDLE	Handle to an object.
HBITMAP	Handle to a bitmap.
HBRUSH	Handle to a brush.
HCONV	Handle to a dynamic data exchange (DDE) conversation.
HCONVLIST	Handle to a DDE conversation list.
HCURSOR	Handle to a cursor.
HDC	Handle to a device context (DC).
HDDEDATA	Handle to DDE data.
HDESK	Handle to a desktop.
HDROP	Handle to an internal drop structure.
HDWP	Handle to a deferred window position structure.
HENHMETAFILE	Handle to an enhanced metafile.
HFILE	Handle to a file opened by OpenFile, not CreateFile.
HFONT	Handle to a font.
HGDIOBJ	Handle to a GDI object.
HGLOBAL	Handle to a global memory block.
HHOOK	Handle to a hook.
HICON	Handle to an icon.
HIMAGELIST	Handle to an image list.
HIMC	Handle to input context.
HINSTANCE	Handle to an instance.
HKEY	Handle to a registry key.
HKL	Input locale identifier.
HLOCAL	Handle to a local memory block.
HMENU	Handle to a menu.
HMETAFILE	Handle to a metafile.
HMODULE	Handle to a module. The value is the base address of the module.
HMONITOR	Handle to a display monitor.
HPALETTE	Handle to a palette.
HPEN	Handle to a pen.
HRGN	Handle to a region.
HRSRC	Handle to a resource.
HSZ	Handle to a DDE string.
HWINSTA	Handle to a window station.
HWND	Handle to a window.
INT	32-bit signed integer.
INT_PTR	Signed integral type for pointer precision. Use when casting a pointer to an integer to perform pointer arithmetic.
INT32	32-bit signed integer.
INT64	64-bit signed integer.
LANGID	Language identifier. For more information, see Locales.
LCID	Locale identifier. For more information, see Locales.
LCTYPE	Locale information type. For a list, see Locale and Language Information.
LONG	32-bit signed integer.
LONG_PTR	Signed long type for pointer precision. Use when casting a pointer to a long to perform pointer arithmetic.
LONG32	32-bit signed integer.
LONG64	64-bit signed integer.
LONGLONG	64-bit signed integer.
LPARAM	Message parameter.
LPBOOL	Pointer to a BOOL.
LPBYTE	Pointer to a BYTE.
LPCOLORREF	Pointer to a COLORREF value.
LPCRITICAL_SECTION	Pointer to a CRITICAL_SECTION.
LPCSTR	Pointer to a constant null-terminated string of 8-bit Windows (ANSI) characters. For more information, see Character Sets Used By Fonts.
LPCTSTR	An LPCWSTR if UNICODE is defined, an LPCTSTR otherwise.
LPCVOID	Pointer to a constant of any type.
LPCWSTR	Pointer to a constant null-terminated string of 16-bit Unicode characters. For more information, see Character Sets Used By Fonts.
LPDWORD	Pointer to a DWORD.
LPHANDLE	Pointer to a HANDLE.
LPINT	Pointer to an INT.
LPLONG	Pointer to a LONG.
LPSTR	Pointer to a null-terminated string of 8-bit Windows (ANSI) characters. For more information, see Character Sets Used By Fonts.
LPTSTR	An LPWSTR if UNICODE is defined, an LPSTR otherwise.
LPVOID	Pointer to any type.
LPWORD	Pointer to a WORD.
LPWSTR	Pointer to a null-terminated string of 16-bit Unicode characters. For more information, see Character Sets Used By Fonts.
LRESULT	Signed result of message processing.
LUID	Locally unique identifier.
PBOOL	Pointer to a BOOL.
PBOOLEAN	Pointer to a BOOL.
PBYTE	Pointer to a BYTE.
PCHAR	Pointer to a CHAR.
PCRITICAL_SECTION	Pointer to a CRITICAL_SECTION.
PCSTR	Pointer to a constant null-terminated string of 8-bit Windows (ANSI) characters. For more information, see Character Sets Used By Fonts.
PCTSTR	A PCWSTR if UNICODE is defined, a PCSTR otherwise.
PCWCH	Pointer to a constant WCHAR.
PCWSTR	Pointer to a constant null-terminated string of 16-bit Unicode characters. For more information, see Character Sets Used By Fonts.
PDWORD	Pointer to a DWORD.
PFLOAT	Pointer to a FLOAT.
PHANDLE	Pointer to a HANDLE.
PHKEY	Pointer to an HKEY.
PINT	Pointer to an INT.
PLCID	Pointer to an LCID.
PLONG	Pointer to a LONG.
PLUID	Pointer to a LUID.
POINTER_32	32-bit pointer. On a 32-bit system, this is a native pointer. On a 64-bit system, this is a truncated 64-bit pointer.
POINTER_64	64-bit pointer. On a 64-bit system, this is a native pointer. On a 32-bit system, this is a sign-extended 32-bit pointer.
PSHORT	Pointer to a SHORT.
PSTR	Pointer to a null-terminated string of 8-bit Windows (ANSI) characters. For more information, see Character Sets Used By Fonts.
PTBYTE	Pointer to a TBYTE.
PTCHAR	Pointer to a TCHAR.
PTSTR	PWSTR if UNICODE is defined, a PSTR otherwise.
PTBYTE	Pointer to a TBYTE.
PTCHAR	Pointer to a TCHAR.
PTSTR	A PWSTR if UNICODE is defined, a PSTR otherwise.
PUCHAR	Pointer to a UCHAR.
PUINT	Pointer to a UINT.
PULONG	Pointer to a ULONG.
PUSHORT	Pointer to a USHORT.
PVOID	Pointer to any type.
PWCHAR	Pointer to a WCHAR.
PWORD	Pointer to a WORD.
PWSTR	Pointer to a null-terminated string of 16-bit Unicode characters. For more information, see Character Sets Used By Fonts.
REGSAM	Security access mask for registry key.
SC_HANDLE	Handle to a service control manager database. For more information, see SCM Handles.
SC_LOCK	Handle to a service control manager database lock. For more information, see SCM Handles.
SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE	Handle to a service status value. For more information, see SCM Handles.
SHORT	Short integer (16 bits).
SIZE_T	The maximum number of bytes to which a pointer can point. Use for a count that must span the full range of a pointer.
SSIZE_ T	Signed SIZE_T.
TBYTE	A WCHAR if UNICODE is defined, a CHAR otherwise.
TCHAR	A WCHAR if UNICODE is defined, a CHAR otherwise.
UCHAR	Unsigned CHAR.
UINT	Unsigned INT.
UINT_PTR	Unsigned INT_PTR.
UINT32	Unsigned INT32.
UINT64	Unsigned INT64.
ULONG	Unsigned LONG.
ULONG_PTR	Unsigned LONG_PTR.
ULONG32	Unsigned LONG32.
ULONG64	Unsigned LONG64.
ULONGLONG	64-bit unsigned integer.
UNSIGNED	Unsigned attribute.
USHORT	Unsigned SHORT.
VOID	Any type.
WCHAR	16-bit Unicode character. For more information, see Character Sets Used By Fonts.
WINAPI	Calling convention for system functions.
WORD	16-bit unsigned integer.
WPARAM	Message parameter.

第二部分

WINDOWS应用程序设计用到的基本术语：

1.窗口

　　任何一个使用过Windows的人对窗口这个概念绝对不会陌生，窗口是windows应用程序的基本操作单元，用户通过它与应用程序发生交互，例如输入输出操作等等，从程序的内部工作原来来看，每一个窗口对应一个消息处理队列，应用程序主要通过窗口消息处理函数对用户的输入操作进行响应与处理。要想从程序员的角度充分理解窗口的含义，那么对WNDCLASS这个数据结构进行充分的了解是必须的。

2.实例

　　单个实例代表一个可执行程序在内存中的拷贝，如果一个应用程序执行许多次，那么在内存中就有多少个拷贝，也就可以说明有多少个实例存在。

3.句柄

　　句柄在windows环境下被定义成了一个无符号的整数，用于标识应用程序中不同的对象和同类对象中的不同实例。句柄可以看成是对象的编号，联系上面的实例，那么一个实例句柄就可以看作是单个应用程序在内存中拷贝的唯一身份编号，通常系统只能通过实例句柄去识别不同的应用程序，或者是相同应用程序的不同副本。

4.资源

　　Windows应用程序包含很多资源，例如，菜单，图标，对话框等等，VC++环境下我们不仅仅可以使用系统下原有的资源，我们也可以定义自己的资源，这些资源被定义在.RC文件中，通过应用程序最后的编译，这些资源文件和程序代码连接在一起，形成一个可执行的.EXE文件或者是一个.DLL的库文件。在使用这些资源的时候,通过WIN API函数学将这些资源调用使用。

5.窗口消息处理函数

　　窗口是人机交互的接口，当窗口接受到输入请求的时候，就会把这一请求交给某一个函数进行处理，而这个函数就是窗口消息处理函数，它能够决定当一个消息被接受到的时候采取什么行动。

　　消息通常是由一系列的输入操作触发的，比如当我按下鼠标左键那么窗口消息处理函数就会收到一个WM_LBUTTONDOWN的消息信号。在窗口消息处理函数中，我们可以利用switch和case结构进行控制, 针对此消息作出我们想要的操作。

6.图形设备接口

　　应用程序的任何输出操作都需要通过图形设备接口(GDI)中的函数来完成操作,GDI负责系统与用户或绘图程序之间的信息交换，并控制在输出设备上显示图形或者文字，它将程序员与具体的硬件设备隔离开，让程序员不需要考虑硬件设备操作的细节。

7.回调函数

　　回调函数是windows操作系统自己调用的函数，用户是不能直接调用他们的。回调函数的定义必须严格的按照windows标准进行编写。

　　在下面我们将要看到的HelloWin程序中，WndProc就是一个回调函数，它是是应用程序的窗口消息处理函数，当注册窗口类的时候，要把窗口消息处理函数的地址告诉Windows，Windows通过调用此函数进行消息处理。