如何在opencv中画图

Point: Point是一个包含integer类型成员x和y的简单结构体.

Point数据结构表示了由其图像坐标 x 和y指定的2D点。可定义为：

Point pt;

pt.x =10;

pt.y = 8;

或者

Point pt=  Point(10, 8);

 

Scalar

表示了具有4个元素的数组。次类型在OpenCV中被大量用于传递像素值。

本节中，我们将进一步用它来表示RGB颜色值（三个参数）。如果用不到第四个参数，则无需定义。

我们来看个例子，如果给出以下颜色参数表达式：

Scalar(a, b, c )

那么定义的RGB颜色值为：Red = c, Green = b and Blue = a

 

/**

 * @file Drawing_1.cpp

 * @brief Simple sample code

 */

 

#include<opencv2/core/core.hpp>

#include<opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>

 

#define w400

 

usingnamespace cv;

 

///Function headers

voidMyEllipse( Mat img, double angle );

voidMyFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center );

voidMyPolygon( Mat img );

voidMyLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end );

 

/**

 * @function main

 * @brief Main function

 */

int main(void ){

 

  /// Windows names

  char atom_window[] = "Drawing 1:Atom";

  char rook_window[] = "Drawing 2:Rook";

 

  /// Create black empty images

  Mat atom_image = Mat::zeros( w, w, CV_8UC3 );

  Mat rook_image = Mat::zeros( w, w, CV_8UC3 );

 

  /// 1. Draw a simple atom:

  /// -----------------------

 

  /// 1.a. Creating ellipses

  MyEllipse( atom_image, 90 );

  MyEllipse( atom_image, 0 );

  MyEllipse( atom_image, 45 );

  MyEllipse( atom_image, -45 );

 

  /// 1.b. Creating circles

  MyFilledCircle( atom_image, Point( w/2, w/2));

 

  /// 2. Draw a rook

  /// ------------------

 

  /// 2.a. Create a convex polygon

  MyPolygon( rook_image );

 

  /// 2.b. Creating rectangles

  rectangle( rook_image,

         Point( 0, 7*w/8 ),

         Point( w, w),

         Scalar( 0, 255, 255 ),

         -1,

         8 );

 

  /// 2.c. Create a few lines

  MyLine( rook_image, Point( 0, 15*w/16 ),Point( w, 15*w/16 ) );

  MyLine( rook_image, Point( w/4, 7*w/8 ),Point( w/4, w ) );

  MyLine( rook_image, Point( w/2, 7*w/8 ),Point( w/2, w ) );

  MyLine( rook_image, Point( 3*w/4, 7*w/8 ),Point( 3*w/4, w ) );

 

  /// 3. Display your stuff!

  imshow( atom_window, atom_image );

  moveWindow( atom_window, 0, 200 );

  imshow( rook_window, rook_image );

  moveWindow( rook_window, w, 200 );

 

  waitKey( 0 );

  return(0);

}

 

///Function Declaration

 

/**

 * @function MyEllipse

 * @brief Draw a fixed-size ellipse withdifferent angles

 */

voidMyEllipse( Mat img, double angle )

{

  int thickness = 2;

  int lineType = 8;

 

  ellipse( img,

       Point( w/2, w/2 ),

       Size( w/4, w/16 ),

       angle,

       0,

       360,

       Scalar( 255, 0, 0 ),

       thickness,

       lineType );

}

 

/**

 * @function MyFilledCircle

 * @brief Draw a fixed-size filled circle

 */

voidMyFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center )

{

  int thickness = -1;

  int lineType = 8;

 

  circle( img,

      center,

      w/32,

      Scalar( 0, 0, 255 ),

      thickness,

      lineType );

}

 

/**

 * @function MyPolygon

 * @function Draw a simple concave polygon(rook)

 */

voidMyPolygon( Mat img )

{

  int lineType = 8;

 

  /** Create some points */

  Point rook_points[1][20];

  rook_points[0][0]  = Point(   w/4,   7*w/8 );

  rook_points[0][1]  = Point( 3*w/4,   7*w/8 );

  rook_points[0][2]  = Point( 3*w/4,  13*w/16 );

  rook_points[0][3]  = Point( 11*w/16, 13*w/16 );

  rook_points[0][4]  = Point( 19*w/32,  3*w/8 );

  rook_points[0][5]  = Point( 3*w/4,   3*w/8 );

  rook_points[0][6]  = Point( 3*w/4,     w/8 );

  rook_points[0][7]  = Point( 26*w/40,    w/8 );

  rook_points[0][8]  = Point( 26*w/40,    w/4 );

  rook_points[0][9]  = Point( 22*w/40,    w/4 );

  rook_points[0][10] = Point( 22*w/40,    w/8 );

  rook_points[0][11] = Point( 18*w/40,    w/8 );

  rook_points[0][12] = Point( 18*w/40,    w/4 );

  rook_points[0][13] = Point( 14*w/40,    w/4 );

  rook_points[0][14] = Point( 14*w/40,    w/8 );

  rook_points[0][15] = Point(    w/4,    w/8 );

  rook_points[0][16] = Point(    w/4,  3*w/8 );

  rook_points[0][17] = Point( 13*w/32,  3*w/8 );

  rook_points[0][18] = Point(  5*w/16, 13*w/16 );

  rook_points[0][19] = Point(    w/4, 13*w/16 );

 

  const Point* ppt[1] = { rook_points[0] };

  int npt[] = { 20 };

 

  fillPoly( img,

        ppt,

        npt,

            1,

        Scalar( 255, 255, 255 ),

        lineType );

}

 

/**

 * @function MyLine

 * @brief Draw a simple line

 */

voidMyLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end )

{

  int thickness = 2;

  int lineType = 8;

  line( img,

    start,

    end,

    Scalar( 0, 0, 0 ),

    thickness,

    lineType );

}

 

代码分析

我们打算画两个例子（原子和赌棍）， 所以必须创建两个图像和对应的窗口以显示。

 

/// 窗口名字

charatom_window[] = "Drawing 1: Atom";

charrook_window[] = "Drawing 2: Rook";

 

/// 创建空全黑像素的空图像

Matatom_image = Mat::zeros( w, w, CV_8UC3 );

Matrook_image = Mat::zeros( w, w, CV_8UC3 );

创建用来画不同几何形状的函数。比如用 MyEllipse 和 MyFilledCircle 来画原子。

 

/// 1. 画一个简单的原子。

 

/// 1.a. 创建椭圆

MyEllipse(atom_image, 90 );

MyEllipse(atom_image, 0 );

MyEllipse(atom_image, 45 );

MyEllipse(atom_image, -45 );

 

/// 1.b. 创建圆

MyFilledCircle(atom_image, Point( w/2.0, w/2.0) );

接下来用 MyLine*，*rectangle 和a MyPolygon 来画赌棍：

 

/// 2. 画一个赌棍

 

/// 2.a. 创建一个凸多边形

MyPolygon(rook_image );

 

/// 2.b. 创建矩形

rectangle(rook_image,

           Point( 0, 7*w/8.0 ),

           Point( w, w),

           Scalar( 0, 255, 255 ),

           -1,

           8 );

 

/// 2.c. 画几条直线

MyLine(rook_image, Point( 0, 15*w/16 ), Point( w, 15*w/16 ) );

MyLine(rook_image, Point( w/4, 7*w/8 ), Point( w/4, w ) );

MyLine(rook_image, Point( w/2, 7*w/8 ), Point( w/2, w ) );

MyLine(rook_image, Point( 3*w/4, 7*w/8 ), Point( 3*w/4, w ) );

现在来看看每个函数内部如何定义:

 

MyLine

 

voidMyLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end )

{

  int thickness = 2;

  int lineType = 8;

  line( img,

        start,

        end,

        Scalar( 0, 0, 0 ),

        thickness,

        lineType );

}

正如我们所见, MyLine 调用函数 line 来实现以下操作:

 

画一条从点 start 到点 end 的直线段

此线段将被画到图像 img 上

线的颜色由 Scalar( 0, 0, 0) 来定义，在此其相应RGB值为 黑色

线的粗细由 thickness 设定(此处设为2)

此线为8联通(lineType = 8)

MyEllipse

 

voidMyEllipse( Mat img, double angle )

{

  int thickness = 2;

  int lineType = 8;

 

  ellipse( img,

           Point( w/2.0, w/2.0 ),

           Size( w/4.0, w/16.0 ),

           angle,

           0,

           360,

           Scalar( 255, 0, 0 ),

           thickness,

           lineType );

}

根据以上代码，我们可看到函数 ellipse 按照以下规则绘制椭圆：

 

椭圆将被画到图像 img 上

椭圆中心为点 (w/2.0, w/2.0) 并且大小位于矩形 (w/4.0, w/16.0) 内

椭圆旋转角度为 angle

椭圆扩展的弧度从 0 度到360 度

图形颜色为 Scalar( 255, 255, 0) ，既蓝色

绘椭圆的线粗为 thickness ，此处是2

MyFilledCircle

 

voidMyFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center )

{

 int thickness = -1;

 int lineType = 8;

 

 circle( img,

         center,

         w/32.0,

         Scalar( 0, 0, 255 ),

         thickness,

         lineType );

}

类似于椭圆函数，我们可以看到 circle 函数的参数意义如下：

 

圆将被画到图像 ( img )上

圆心由点 center 定义

圆的半径为: w/32.0

圆的颜色为: Scalar(0, 0, 255) ，按BGR的格式为 红色

线粗定义为 thickness = -1, 因此次圆将被填充

MyPolygon

 

voidMyPolygon( Mat img )

{

  int lineType = 8;

 

  /** 创建一些点*/

  Point rook_points[1][20];

  rook_points[0][0] = Point( w/4.0, 7*w/8.0 );

  rook_points[0][1] = Point( 3*w/4.0, 7*w/8.0);

  rook_points[0][2] = Point( 3*w/4.0, 13*w/16.0);

  rook_points[0][3] = Point( 11*w/16.0,13*w/16.0 );

  rook_points[0][4] = Point( 19*w/32.0, 3*w/8.0);

  rook_points[0][5] = Point( 3*w/4.0, 3*w/8.0);

  rook_points[0][6] = Point( 3*w/4.0, w/8.0 );

  rook_points[0][7] = Point( 26*w/40.0, w/8.0);

  rook_points[0][8] = Point( 26*w/40.0, w/4.0);

  rook_points[0][9] = Point( 22*w/40.0, w/4.0);

  rook_points[0][10] = Point( 22*w/40.0, w/8.0);

  rook_points[0][11] = Point( 18*w/40.0, w/8.0);

  rook_points[0][12] = Point( 18*w/40.0, w/4.0);

  rook_points[0][13] = Point( 14*w/40.0, w/4.0);

  rook_points[0][14] = Point( 14*w/40.0, w/8.0);

  rook_points[0][15] = Point( w/4.0, w/8.0 );

  rook_points[0][16] = Point( w/4.0, 3*w/8.0 );

  rook_points[0][17] = Point( 13*w/32.0,3*w/8.0 );

  rook_points[0][18] = Point( 5*w/16.0,13*w/16.0 );

  rook_points[0][19] = Point( w/4.0, 13*w/16.0);

 

  const Point* ppt[1] = { rook_points[0] };

  int npt[] = { 20 };

 

  fillPoly( img,

            ppt,

            npt,

            1,

            Scalar( 255, 255, 255 ),

            lineType );

 }

 

 

 我们用函数:fill_poly:`fillPoly <>` 来绘制填充的多边形。请注意：

多边形将被画到图像 img 上

多边形的顶点集为 ppt

要绘制的多边形顶点数目为 npt

要绘制的多边形数量仅为 1

多边形的颜色定义为 Scalar( 255, 255, 255), 既BGR值为 白色

rectangle

 

rectangle(rook_image,

           Point( 0, 7*w/8.0 ),

           Point( w, w),

           Scalar( 0, 255, 255 ),

           -1,

           8 );

最后是函数:rectangle:rectangle <> （我们并没有为这家伙创建特定函数）。请注意：

 

矩形将被画到图像 rook_image 上

矩形两个对角顶点为 Point( 0, 7*w/8.0 ) 和 Point( w, w)

矩形的颜色为 Scalar(0, 255, 255) ，既BGR格式下的 黄色

由于线粗为 -1, 此矩形将被填充