Linux crontab 不执行的原因和如何检查错误大全

Linux crontab 不执行的原因和如何检查错误大全

Here's a checklist guide to debug not running cronjobs:

1. Is the Cron daemon running?

   • Run ps ax | grep cron and look for cron.

   • Debian: service cron start or service cron restart

2. Is cron working?

   • * * * * * /bin/echo "cron works" >> /file

   • Syntax correct? See below.

3. Is the command working standalone?

   • Check if the script has an error, by doing a dry run on the CLI

   • when testing your command, test as the user whose crontab you are editing, which might not be your login or root

4. Can cron run your job?

   • Check /var/log/cron.log or /var/log/messages for errors.

   • Ubuntu: grep CRON /var/log/syslog

   • Redhat: /var/log/cron

5. Check permissions

   • set executable flag on the command: chmod +x /var/www/app/cron/do-stuff.php

6. Check paths

   • check she-bangs / hashbangs line

   • do not rely on environment variables like PATH, as their value will likely not be the same under cron as under an interactive session

7. Don't Suppress Output, while debugging

   • commonly used is this suppression: 30 1 * * * command > /dev/null 2>&1

   • re-enable the standard output or standard error message output

Still not working? Yikes!

1. Raise the cron debug level

   • in /etc/rsyslog.d/50-default.conf

   • add or comment out line cron.crit /var/log/cron.log

   • reload logger sudo /etc/init.d/rsyslog reload

   • re-run cron

   • open /var/log/cron.log and look for detailed error output

   • in /etc/default/cron

   • set EXTRA_OPTS="-L 2"

   • service cron restart

   • tail -f /var/log/syslog to see the scripts executed

   • Debian

   • Ubuntu

   • Reminder: deactivate log level, when you are done with debugging

2. Run cron and check log files again

Cronjob Syntax

# Minute  Hour  Day of Month      Month         Day of Week    User Command    
# (0-59) (0-23)   (1-31)    (1-12 or Jan-Dec) (0-6 or Sun-Sat)  

    0       2       *             *                *          root /usr/bin/find

Crontab Commands

1. crontab -l

   • Lists all the user's cron tasks.

2. crontab -e, for a specific user: crontab -e -u agentsmith

   • Starts edit session of your crontab file.

   • When you exit the editor, the modified crontab is installed automatically.

3. crontab -r

   • Removes your crontab entry from the cron spooler, but not from crontab file.

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