windows多媒体定时器研究

最近实际工作中有一个业务需求要求1ms精度的一个定时操作，因之前这一块领域很少接触，有些文章也对多媒体定时器有描述，我结合自己的需求写了一个简单demo，以备产品代码中使用。

 

// MultimediaTimersDemo.cpp : 此文件包含 "main" 函数。程序执行将在此处开始并结束。
//

#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>

LARGE_INTEGER _performance_count1{ 0 };
LARGE_INTEGER _performance_count2{ 0 };

//多媒体定时器回调函数，作为示例，只记录一下回调时刻的性能计数器
void CALLBACK multimedia_timer_proc(UINT uTimerID, UINT uMsg, DWORD_PTR dwUser, DWORD_PTR dw1, DWORD_PTR dw2) {
	::QueryPerformanceCounter(&_performance_count2);
	timeKillEvent(uTimerID);
}

//多媒体定时器测试函数
void multimedia_timer_test() {
	//获取性能计数器的本机频率
	LARGE_INTEGER _performance_frequency;
	::QueryPerformanceFrequency(&_performance_frequency);
	std::cout << "QueryPerformanceFrequency() result:" << _performance_frequency.QuadPart << std::endl;

	//获取多媒体定时器精度范围
	TIMECAPS tc;
    memset(&tc, 0, sizeof(tc));
	if (timeGetDevCaps(&tc, sizeof(tc)) != TIMERR_NOERROR) {
		std::cout << "\ntimeGetDevCaps() error:" << ::GetLastError();
		return;
	}
	std::cout << "\ntimeGetDevCaps() return:\nminimum period supported:" << tc.wPeriodMin << "\nmaximum period supported:" << tc.wPeriodMax << std::endl;

	//开启高精度定时
	timeBeginPeriod(tc.wPeriodMin);

	

	//测试不同的时间间隔定时器
	for (int interval = 15; interval >= 1; --interval) {
		
		//记录开启一个定时器之前的性能计数
		::QueryPerformanceCounter(&_performance_count1);
		auto timerid = timeSetEvent(interval, tc.wPeriodMin, multimedia_timer_proc, NULL, TIME_ONESHOT);

		//保证定时器执行完毕
		Sleep(1000);

		std::cout << "\ntimeSetEvent(" << interval << ") return:" << timerid << std::endl;
		std::cout << "pfc_beg=" << _performance_count1.QuadPart << "\npfc_end=" << _performance_count2.QuadPart << "\nused:" << 1000000 * (_performance_count2.QuadPart - _performance_count1.QuadPart) / _performance_frequency.QuadPart << "us" << std::endl;
	}

	std::cout << "输入任意字符结束\n";
	getchar();
	timeEndPeriod(tc.wPeriodMin);
}

int main()
{
	multimedia_timer_test();
}

在我的开发机上运行结果为：
 

QueryPerformanceFrequency() result:10000000

timeGetDevCaps() return:
minimum period supported:1
maximum period supported:1000000

timeSetEvent(15) return:16
pfc_beg=10216056849365
pfc_end=10216057006210
used:15684us

timeSetEvent(14) return:32
pfc_beg=10216066879591
pfc_end=10216067014605
used:13501us

timeSetEvent(13) return:48
pfc_beg=10216076899334
pfc_end=10216077031276
used:13194us

timeSetEvent(12) return:64
pfc_beg=10216086930899
pfc_end=10216087055221
used:12432us

timeSetEvent(11) return:80
pfc_beg=10216096960224
pfc_end=10216097070690
used:11046us

timeSetEvent(10) return:96
pfc_beg=10216106989964
pfc_end=10216107100276
used:11031us

timeSetEvent(9) return:112
pfc_beg=10216117027262
pfc_end=10216117120676
used:9341us

timeSetEvent(8) return:128
pfc_beg=10216127131879
pfc_end=10216127212020
used:8014us

timeSetEvent(7) return:144
pfc_beg=10216137174968
pfc_end=10216137245500
used:7053us

timeSetEvent(6) return:160
pfc_beg=10216147287932
pfc_end=10216147356997
used:6906us

timeSetEvent(5) return:176
pfc_beg=10216157373900
pfc_end=10216157417253
used:4335us

timeSetEvent(4) return:192
pfc_beg=10216167453586
pfc_end=10216167495426
used:4184us

timeSetEvent(3) return:208
pfc_beg=10216177537103
pfc_end=10216177574443
used:3734us

timeSetEvent(2) return:224
pfc_beg=10216187637703
pfc_end=10216187661067
used:2336us

timeSetEvent(1) return:240
pfc_beg=10216197774529
pfc_end=10216197787836
used:1330us
输入任意字符结束

可以看出精度确实可以达到1毫秒以内，每次误差在300微妙左右。