组合模式:将对象组合成属性结构以表示“部分-整体”的层次结构,使得用户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性。
目录结构、总公司分公司这样的结构最适合采用组合模式来实现。
组合模式可分为:
抽象构建角色:定义了所有参与组合对象的统一接口;
树枝构建角色:拥有子对象的对象,定义了树枝构建对象的统一行为;
树叶构建角色:最末端的对象,不拥有子对象;
现在用类似目录结构的层级结构来举例。
Component抽象构建角色:
public abstract class Component {
public String name;
public Component(String name) {
super();
this.name = name;
}
public abstract void add(Component c);
public abstract void remove(Component c);
public abstract void display(int deepth);
public void desperate(int deepth) {
for(int i = 0; i < deepth; i++) {
System.out.print("-");
}
System.out.println(this.name);
}
}
树枝构建对象:
public class Composite extends Component {
public Composite(String name) {
super(name);
}
public List<Component> lists = new ArrayList<Component>();
@Override
public void add(Component c) {
lists.add(c);
}
@Override
public void remove(Component c) {
lists.remove(c);
}
@Override
public void display(int deepth) {
desperate(deepth);
for(Component c : lists) {
c.display(deepth + 2);
}
}
}
树叶构建角色:
public class Leaf extends Component {
public Leaf(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public void add(Component c) {
}
@Override
public void remove(Component c) {
}
@Override
public void display(int deepth) {
desperate(deepth);
}
}
组建结构:
public static void main(String[] args) {
Component root = new Composite("root");
Component lv1 = new Composite("lv1");
Component lv2 = new Composite("lv2");
Component lv3 = new Composite("lv3");
Component lv4 = new Composite("lv4");
root.add(lv1);
root.add(lv2);
root.add(lv3);
root.add(lv4);
Component lv11 = new Leaf("lv11");
Component lv12 = new Leaf("lv12");
Component lv21 = new Leaf("lv21");
Component lv31 = new Leaf("lv31");
Component lv32 = new Leaf("lv32");
Component lv41 = new Leaf("lv41");
lv1.add(lv11);
lv1.add(lv12);
lv2.add(lv21);
lv3.add(lv31);
lv3.add(lv32);
lv4.add(lv41);
root.display(2);
}
结果:
--root
----lv1
------lv11
------lv12
----lv2
------lv21
----lv3
------lv31
------lv32
----lv4
------lv41