文件对象-读操作

1、读取文件，将所有的信息存储在一个大字符串中

file_object = open("ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java",'r') #创建一个文件对象，也是一个可迭代对象
try:
    all_the_text = file_object.read()  #结果为str类型
    print type(all_the_text)
    print "all_the_text=",all_the_text
finally:
    file_object.close()

2、读取每行字符串，存储在一个列表中

file_object1 = open("ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java",'r')
try:
    list_of_all_the_lines = file_object1.readlines() #读取的每行文本后面加上了'\n'
    print "list_of_all_the_lines:",list_of_all_the_lines
finally:
    file_object1.close()

help(str.splitlines)

file_object2 = open("ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java",'r')
try:
    list_of_all_the_lines1 = file_object2.read().splitlines() 
    print "list_of_all_the_lines1:",list_of_all_the_lines1
finally:
    file_object2.close()

3、使用循环遍历文件对象，文件对象是一个可迭代对象

file_object3 = open("ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java",'r')

try:
    ii = 0
    for line in file_object3:
        ii = ii + 1
        line = line.rstrip( )
        print ii,line
finally:
    file_object3.close()

4、从文件中读取指定的行，使用内置模块linecache

import linecache

print dir(linecache)
help(linecache.getline)

for i in xrange(10):
    theline = linecache.getline("ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java", i+1)
    print "%d theline= %s" % (i+1,theline)

5、计算文件的行数

"""
文件较大时，影响性能
"""
file_object4 = open("ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java",'r')
try:
    count = len(file_object4.readlines())
    print "count=",count
finally:
    file_object4.close()

"""
优化性能的方法
"""
count = -1
for count,line in enumerate(open("ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java",'rU')):
    """
    enumerate(iterator[,start]) -> return iterator object for index,value
    """
    print "%d,%s" % (count,line)

count += 1
print "count=",count