c3p0-config.xml模板详解
<c3p0-config> <default-config> <!--当连接池中的连接耗尽的时候c3p0一次同时获取的连接数。Default: 3 --> <property name="acquireIncrement">3</property> <!--定义在从数据库获取新连接失败后重复尝试的次数。Default: 30 --> <property name="acquireRetryAttempts">30</property> <!--两次连接中间隔时间,单位毫秒。Default: 1000 --> <property name="acquireRetryDelay">1000</property> <!--连接关闭时默认将所有未提交的操作回滚。Default: false --> <property name="autoCommitOnClose">false</property> <!--c3p0将建一张名为Test的空表,并使用其自带的查询语句进行测试。如果定义了这个参数那么 属性preferredTestQuery将被忽略。你不能在这张Test表上进行任何操作,它将只供c3p0测试 使用。Default: null--> <property name="automaticTestTable">Test</property> <!--获取连接失败将会引起所有等待连接池来获取连接的线程抛出异常。但是数据源仍有效 保留,并在下次调用getConnection()的时候继续尝试获取连接。如果设为true,那么在尝试 获取连接失败后该数据源将申明已断开并永久关闭。Default: false--> <property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure">false</property> <!--当连接池用完时客户端调用getConnection()后等待获取新连接的时间,超时后将抛出 SQLException,如设为0则无限期等待。单位毫秒。Default: 0 --> <property name="checkoutTimeout">100</property> <!--通过实现ConnectionTester或QueryConnectionTester的类来测试连接。类名需制定全路径。 Default: com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.DefaultConnectionTester--> <property name="connectionTesterClassName"></property> <!--指定c3p0 libraries的路径,如果(通常都是这样)在本地即可获得那么无需设置,默认null即可 Default: null--> <property name="factoryClassLocation">null</property> <!--Strongly disrecommended. Setting this to true may lead to subtle and bizarre bugs. (文档原文)作者强烈建议不使用的一个属性--> <property name="forceIgnoreUnresolvedTransactions">false</property> <!--每60秒检查所有连接池中的空闲连接。Default: 0 --> <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod">60</property> <!--初始化时获取三个连接,取值应在minPoolSize与maxPoolSize之间。Default: 3 --> <property name="initialPoolSize">3</property> <!--最大空闲时间,60秒内未使用则连接被丢弃。若为0则永不丢弃。Default: 0 --> <property name="maxIdleTime">60</property> <!--连接池中保留的最大连接数。Default: 15 --> <property name="maxPoolSize">15</property> <!--JDBC的标准参数,用以控制数据源内加载的PreparedStatements数量。但由于预缓存的statements 属于单个connection而不是整个连接池。所以设置这个参数需要考虑到多方面的因素。 如果maxStatements与maxStatementsPerConnection均为0,则缓存被关闭。Default: 0--> <property name="maxStatements">100</property> <!--maxStatementsPerConnection定义了连接池内单个连接所拥有的最大缓存statements数。Default: 0 --> <property name="maxStatementsPerConnection"></property> <!--c3p0是异步操作的,缓慢的JDBC操作通过帮助进程完成。扩展这些操作可以有效的提升性能 通过多线程实现多个操作同时被执行。Default: 3--> <property name="numHelperThreads">3</property> <!--当用户调用getConnection()时使root用户成为去获取连接的用户。主要用于连接池连接非c3p0 的数据源时。Default: null--> <property name="overrideDefaultUser">root</property> <!--与overrideDefaultUser参数对应使用的一个参数。Default: null--> <property name="overrideDefaultPassword">password</property> <!--密码。Default: null--> <property name="password"></property> <!--定义所有连接测试都执行的测试语句。在使用连接测试的情况下这个一显著提高测试速度。注意: 测试的表必须在初始数据源的时候就存在。Default: null--> <property name="preferredTestQuery">select id from test where id=1</property> <!--用户修改系统配置参数执行前最多等待300秒。Default: 300 --> <property name="propertyCycle">300</property> <!--因性能消耗大请只在需要的时候使用它。如果设为true那么在每个connection提交的 时候都将校验其有效性。建议使用idleConnectionTestPeriod或automaticTestTable 等方法来提升连接测试的性能。Default: false --> <property name="testConnectionOnCheckout">false</property> <!--如果设为true那么在取得连接的同时将校验连接的有效性。Default: false --> <property name="testConnectionOnCheckin">true</property> <!--用户名。Default: null--> <property name="user">root</property> <!--早期的c3p0版本对JDBC接口采用动态反射代理。在早期版本用途广泛的情况下这个参数 允许用户恢复到动态反射代理以解决不稳定的故障。最新的非反射代理更快并且已经开始 广泛的被使用,所以这个参数未必有用。现在原先的动态反射与新的非反射代理同时受到 支持,但今后可能的版本可能不支持动态反射代理。Default: false--> <property name="usesTraditionalReflectiveProxies">false</property> <property name="automaticTestTable">con_test</property> <property name="checkoutTimeout">30000</property> <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod">30</property> <property name="initialPoolSize">10</property> <property name="maxIdleTime">30</property> <property name="maxPoolSize">25</property> <property name="minPoolSize">10</property> <property name="maxStatements">0</property> <user-overrides user="swaldman"> </user-overrides> </default-config> <named-config name="dumbTestConfig"> <property name="maxStatements">200</property> <user-overrides user="poop"> <property name="maxStatements">300</property> </user-overrides> </named-config> </c3p0-config>
C3P0 属性说明表
属性(Parameter) | 默认值(Default) | 描述(Description) |
user | 同DBCP中的username属性 | |
password | 同DBCP中的password属性 | |
jdbcUrl | 同DBCP中的jdbcUrl属性 | |
driverClass | 同DBCP中的driverClass属性 | |
autoCommitOnClose | false | 默认值false表示回滚任何未提交的任务,设置为true则全部提交,而不是在关闭连接之前回滚 (C3P0's default policy is to rollback any uncommitted, pending work.Setting autoCommitOnClose to true causes uncommitted pending work to be committed, rather than rolled back on Connection close.) *参见DBCP中的defaultAutoCommit属性 |
initialPoolSize | 3 | 初始化连接:连接池启动时创建的初始化连接数量(The initial number of connections that are created when the pool is started. *参见DBCP中的initialSize属性 |
maxPoolSize | 15 | 连接池中保留的最大连接数(Maximum number of Connections a pool will maintain at any given time.) *参见DBCP中的maxIdle属性 |
minPoolSize | 3 | 连接池中保留的最小连接数(Minimum number of Connections a pool will maintain at any given time.) *参见DBCP中的maxIdle属性 |
maxIdleTime | 0 | 最大等待时间:当没有可用连接时,连接池等待连接被归还的最大时间(以秒计数),超过时间则抛出异常,如果设置为0表示无限等待(Seconds a Connection can remain pooled but unused before being discarded. Zero means idle connections never expire.) *参见DBCP中maxWaitMillis 属性 |
preferredTestQuery | null | 定义所有连接测试都执行的测试语句。在使用连接测试的情况下这个一显著提高测试速度。注意:测试的表必须在初始数据源的时候就存在。(Defines the query that will be executed for all connection tests, if the default ConnectionTester (or some other implementation of QueryConnectionTester, or better yet FullQueryConnectionTester) is being used. Defining a preferredTestQuery that will execute quickly in your database may dramatically speed up Connection tests.) |
testConnectionOn- Checkin | false | 如果设为true那么在取得连接的同时将校验连接的有效性。(If true, an operation will be performed asynchronously at every connection checkin to verify that the connection is valid. Use in combination with idleConnectionTestPeriod for quite reliable, always asynchronous Connection testing.) *参见DBCP中的testOnBorrow属性 |
testConnectionOn- Checkout | false | 如果设为true那么在每个connection提交的时候都将校验其有效性,但是要确保配置的preferredTestQuery的有效性(If true, an operation will be performed at every connection checkout to verify that the connection is valid. Be sure to set an efficient preferredTestQuery or automaticTestTable if you set this to true.) *参见DBCP中的testOnBorrow属性 |
idleConnectionTest- Period | 0 | 如果设置大于0,表示过了多少秒检查一次空闲连接,结合testConnectionOnCheckin以及testConnectionOnCheckout使用(If this is a number greater than 0, c3p0 will test all idle, pooled but unchecked-out connections, every this number of seconds.) |
acquireRetryAttempts | 30 | 定义在从数据库获取新连接失败后重复尝试的次数, 如果小于0则表示无限制的连接。(Defines how many times c3p0 will try to acquire a new Connection from the database before giving up. If this value is less than or equal to zero, c3p0 will keep trying to fetch a Connection indefinitely.) |
acquireRetryDelay | 1000 | 两次连接中的间隔时间,单位毫秒。(Milliseconds, time c3p0 will wait between acquire attempts.) |
breakAfterAcquire- Failure | false | 获取连接失败将会引起所有等待连接池来获取连接的线程抛出异常。但是数据源仍有效保留,并在下次调用 getConnection() 的时候继续尝试获取连接。如果为 true,那么在尝试获取连接失败后该数据源将声明已断开并永久关闭。(If true, a pooled DataSource will declare itself broken and be permanently closed if a Connection cannot be obtained from the database after making acquireRetryAttempts to acquire one. If false, failure to obtain a Connection will cause all Threads waiting for the pool to acquire a Connection to throw an Exception, but the DataSource will remain valid, and will attempt to acquire again following a call to getConnection().) |
checkoutTimeout | 0 | 当连接池用完时客户端调用 getConnection() 后等待获取新连接的时间,潮湿后将抛出SQLException,如设为0,则为无限期等待。单位毫秒。(The number of milliseconds a client calling getConnection() will wait for a Connection to be checked-in or acquired when the pool is exhausted. Zero means wait indefinitely. Setting any positive value will cause the getConnection() call to time-out and break with an SQLException after the specified number of milliseconds.) |
maxStatements | 0 | 控制数据源内加载的PreparedStatements数量(Enable prepared statement pooling for this pool.) |
maxStatementsPer- Connection | 0 | 定义了连接池内单个连接所拥有的最大缓存statements数(The maximum number of open statements that can be allocated from the statement pool at the same time, or negative for no limit.) |
解决MYSQL 8小时问题
最近的一个项目在Hibernate使用C3P0的连接池,数据库为Mysql。开发测试没有问题,在运行中每个一段长的空闲时间就出现异常:
java 代码
- org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: could not execute query
- at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:74)
- at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:43)
- .......
- Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.MySQLNonTransientConnectionException: No operations allowed after connection closed.Connection was implicitly closed due to underlying exception/error:
- ** BEGIN NESTED EXCEPTION **
- com.mysql.jdbc.CommunicationsException
- MESSAGE: Communications link failure due to underlying exception:
- ** BEGIN NESTED EXCEPTION **
- java.net.SocketException
- MESSAGE: Broken pipe
- STACKTRACE:
- java.net.SocketException: Broken pipe
- at java.net.SocketOutputStream.socketWrite0(Native Method)
- ......
- ** END NESTED EXCEPTION **
查看了Mysql的文档,以及Connector/J的文档以及在线说明发现,出现这种异常的原因是:
Mysql服务器默认的“wait_timeout”是8小时,也就是说一个connection空闲超过8个小时,Mysql将自动断开该 connection。这就是问题的所在,在C3P0 pools中的connections如果空闲超过8小时,Mysql将其断开,而C3P0并不知道该connection已经失效,如果这时有 Client请求connection,C3P0将该失效的Connection提供给Client,将会造成上面的异常。
解决的方法有3种:
- 增加wait_timeout的时间。
- 减少Connection pools中connection的lifetime。
- 测试Connection pools中connection的有效性。
当然最好的办法是同时综合使用上述3种方法,下面就DBCP和C3P0分别做一说明,假设wait_timeout为默认的8小时
DBCP增加以下配置信息:
- //set to 'SELECT 1'
- validationQuery = "SELECT 1"
- //set to 'true'
- testWhileIdle = "true"
- //some positive integer
- timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = 3600000
- //set to something smaller than 'wait_timeout'
- minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = 18000000
- //if you don't mind a hit for every getConnection(), set to "true"
- testOnBorrow = "true"
C3P0增加以下配置信息:
- //获取connnection时测试是否有效
- testConnectionOnCheckin = true
- //自动测试的table名称
- automaticTestTable=C3P0TestTable
- //set to something much less than wait_timeout, prevents connections from going stale
- idleConnectionTestPeriod = 18000
- //set to something slightly less than wait_timeout, preventing 'stale' connections from being handed out
- maxIdleTime = 25000
- //if you can take the performance 'hit', set to "true"
- testConnectionOnCheckout = true