采用HttpClient发送HTTP请求
2015/9/10 14:09:11
HTTP 协议可能是现在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的协议了,越来越多的 Java 应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。虽然在JDK的URLConnection包中已经提供了访问 HTTP 协议的基本功能,但是对于大部分应用程序来说,JDK库本身提供的功能还不够丰富和灵活。HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目,用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。
项目地址:http://hc.apache.org/index.html
一、功能介绍
- 实现了所有 HTTP 的方法(GET,POST,PUT,HEAD 等)
- 支持HTTPS协议
- 支持自动转向
- 插件式的自定义认证方案
- 支持代理服务器
- 自定义Cookie
- 直接获取服务器发送的response code和 headers
- 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久连接
- 设置连接超时的能力
二、使用方法
- 创建HttpClient对象。
- 创建HttpGet对象;如果需要发送POST请求,创建HttpPost对象。
- 如果需要发送请求参数,可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的
setParams(HetpParams params)
方法来添加请求参数;对于HttpPost对象而言,也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)
方法来设置请求参数。 - 调用HttpClient对象的
execute(HttpUriRequest request)
发送请求,该方法返回一个HttpResponse。 - 调用HttpResponse的
getAllHeaders()
、getHeaders(String name)
等方法可获取服务器的响应头;调用HttpResponse的getEntity()
方法可获取HttpEntity对象,该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。 - 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功,都必须释放连接。
三、代码实现
/** * 发送 get请求 */ public void get() { CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { // 创建httpget. HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/"); System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI()); // 执行get请求. CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget); try { // 获取响应实体 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); // 打印响应状态 System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); if (entity != null) { // 打印响应内容长度 System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength()); // 打印响应内容 System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity)); } System.out.println("------------------------------------"); } finally { response.close(); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 关闭连接,释放资源 try { httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
/** * post方式 */ public void postForm() { // 创建默认的httpClient实例. CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // 创建httppost HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/Demo/test.action"); // 创建参数队列 List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "tt")); formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456")); UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity; try { uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8"); httppost.setEntity(uefEntity); System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI()); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); try { HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8")); System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); } } finally { response.close(); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 关闭连接,释放资源 try { httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
/** * 上传文件 */ public void upload() { CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/Demo/upFile.action"); FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\text.jpg")); StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN); HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build(); httppost.setEntity(reqEntity); System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine()); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); try { System.out.println("----------------------------------------"); System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); if (resEntity != null) { System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength()); } EntityUtils.consume(resEntity); } finally { response.close(); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }