类似于前面介绍的HashMap和HashSet之间的关系，HashSet底层依赖于HashMap实现，而TreeSet底层则采用一个NavigableMap来保存TreeSet集合的元素。但实际上，由于NavigableMap只是一个接口，因底层依然是使用TreeMap来包含Set集合中的所有元素。
我们观察TreeSet的部分源码:
<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">package java.util; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> TreeSet<E> extends AbstractSet<E> implements NavigableSet<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 使用NavigableMap对象的key来保存Set集合的元素</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> transient NavigableMap<E,Object> m; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//使用PRESENT作为Map集合中的value</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> final Object PRESENT = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Object(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 不带参数的构造函数。创建一个空的TreeMap</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//以自然排序方法创建一个新的TreeMap，再根据该TreeMap创建一个TreeSet</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//使用该TreeMap的key来保存Set集合的元素</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">TreeSet</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> TreeMap<E,Object>()); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 将TreeMap赋值给 "NavigableMap对象m"</span> TreeSet(NavigableMap<E,Object> m) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.m = m; } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//以定制排序的方式创建一个新的TreeMap。根据该TreeMap创建一个TreeSet</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//使用该TreeMap的key来保存set集合的元素</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">TreeSet</span>(Comparator<? super E> comparator) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> TreeMap<E,Object>(comparator)); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 创建TreeSet，并将集合c中的全部元素都添加到TreeSet中</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">TreeSet</span>(Collection<? extends E> c) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 将集合c中的元素全部添加到TreeSet中</span> addAll(c); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 创建TreeSet，并将s中的全部元素都添加到TreeSet中</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">TreeSet</span>(SortedSet<E> s) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>(s.comparator()); addAll(s); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回TreeSet的顺序排列的迭代器。</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 因为TreeSet时TreeMap实现的，所以这里实际上时返回TreeMap的“键集”对应的迭代器</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> Iterator<E> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">iterator</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> m.navigableKeySet().iterator(); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回TreeSet的逆序排列的迭代器。</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 因为TreeSet时TreeMap实现的，所以这里实际上时返回TreeMap的“键集”对应的迭代器</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> Iterator<E> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">descendingIterator</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> m.descendingKeySet().iterator(); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回TreeSet的大小</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">size</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> m.size(); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回TreeSet是否为空</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> boolean <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">isEmpty</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> m.isEmpty(); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回TreeSet是否包含对象(o)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> boolean <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">contains</span>(Object o) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> m.containsKey(o); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 添加e到TreeSet中</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> boolean <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">add</span>(E e) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> m.put(e, PRESENT)==<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>; } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 删除TreeSet中的对象o</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> boolean <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">remove</span>(Object o) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> m.remove(o)==PRESENT; } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 清空TreeSet</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">clear</span>() { m.clear(); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 将集合c中的全部元素添加到TreeSet中</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> boolean <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">addAll</span>(Collection<? extends E> c) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Use linear-time version if applicable</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (m.size()==<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> && c.size() > <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> && c instanceof SortedSet && m instanceof TreeMap) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//把C集合强制转换为SortedSet集合</span> SortedSet<? extends E> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">set</span> = (SortedSet<? extends E>) c; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//把m集合强制转换为TreeMap集合</span> TreeMap<E,Object> map = (TreeMap<E, Object>) m; Comparator<? super E> cc = (Comparator<? super E>) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">set</span>.comparator(); Comparator<? super E> mc = map.comparator(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//如果cc和mc两个Comparator相等</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (cc==mc || (cc != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span> && cc.equals(mc))) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//把Collection中所有元素添加成TreeMap集合的key</span> map.addAllForTreeSet(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">set</span>, PRESENT); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>; } } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> super.addAll(c); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回子Set，实际上是通过TreeMap的subMap()实现的。</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> NavigableSet<E> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">subSet</span>(E fromElement, boolean fromInclusive, E toElement, boolean toInclusive) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> TreeSet<E>(m.subMap(fromElement, fromInclusive, toElement, toInclusive)); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回Set的头部，范围是：从头部到toElement。</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// inclusive是是否包含toElement的标志</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> NavigableSet<E> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">headSet</span>(E toElement, boolean inclusive) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> TreeSet<E>(m.headMap(toElement, inclusive)); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回Set的尾部，范围是：从fromElement到结尾。</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// inclusive是是否包含fromElement的标志</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> NavigableSet<E> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">tailSet</span>(E fromElement, boolean inclusive) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> TreeSet<E>(m.tailMap(fromElement, inclusive)); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回子Set。范围是：从fromElement(包括)到toElement(不包括)。</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> SortedSet<E> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">subSet</span>(E fromElement, E toElement) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> subSet(fromElement, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>, toElement, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回Set的头部，范围是：从头部到toElement(不包括)。</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> SortedSet<E> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">headSet</span>(E toElement) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> headSet(toElement, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回Set的尾部，范围是：从fromElement到结尾(不包括)。</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> SortedSet<E> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">tailSet</span>(E fromElement) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> tailSet(fromElement, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回Set的比较器</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> Comparator<? super E> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">comparator</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> m.comparator(); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回Set的第一个元素</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> E <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">first</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> m.firstKey(); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回Set的最后一个元素</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> E <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">first</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> E <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">last</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> m.lastKey(); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回Set中小于e的最大元素</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> E <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">lower</span>(E e) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> m.lowerKey(e); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回Set中小于/等于e的最大元素</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> E <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">floor</span>(E e) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> m.floorKey(e); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回Set中大于/等于e的最小元素</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> E <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ceiling</span>(E e) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> m.ceilingKey(e); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回Set中大于e的最小元素</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> E <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">higher</span>(E e) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> m.higherKey(e); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 获取第一个元素，并将该元素从TreeMap中删除。</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> E <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">pollFirst</span>() { Map.Entry<E,?> e = m.pollFirstEntry(); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> (e == <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>)? <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span> : e.getKey(); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 获取最后一个元素，并将该元素从TreeMap中删除。</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> E <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">pollLast</span>() { Map.Entry<E,?> e = m.pollLastEntry(); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> (e == <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>)? <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span> : e.getKey(); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 克隆一个TreeSet，并返回Object对象</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> Object <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">clone</span>() { TreeSet<E> clone = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">try</span> { clone = (TreeSet<E>) super.clone(); } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">catch</span> (CloneNotSupportedException e) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> InternalError(); } clone.m = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> TreeMap<E,Object>(m); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> clone; } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// java.io.Serializable的写入函数</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 将TreeSet的“比较器、容量，所有的元素值”都写入到输出流中</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">writeObject</span>(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws java.io.IOException { s.defaultWriteObject(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 写入比较器</span> s.writeObject(m.comparator()); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 写入容量</span> s.writeInt(m.size()); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 写入“TreeSet中的每一个元素”</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (Iterator i=m.keySet().iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) s.writeObject(i.next()); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// java.io.Serializable的读取函数：根据写入方式读出</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 先将TreeSet的“比较器、容量、所有的元素值”依次读出</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">readObject</span>(java.io.ObjectInputStream s) throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Read in any hidden stuff</span> s.defaultReadObject(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 从输入流中读取TreeSet的“比较器”</span> Comparator<? super E> c = (Comparator<? super E>) s.readObject(); TreeMap<E,Object> tm; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (c==<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) tm = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> TreeMap<E,Object>(); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> tm = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> TreeMap<E,Object>(c); m = tm; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 从输入流中读取TreeSet的“容量”</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> size = s.readInt(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 从输入流中读取TreeSet的“全部元素”</span> tm.readTreeSet(size, s, PRESENT); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// TreeSet的序列版本号</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> final <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">long</span> serialVersionUID = -<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2479143000061671589</span>L; }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">69</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">70</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">71</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">72</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">73</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">74</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">75</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">76</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">77</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">78</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">79</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">80</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">81</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">82</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">83</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">84</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">85</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">86</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">87</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">88</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">89</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">90</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">91</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">92</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">93</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">94</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">95</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">96</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">97</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">98</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">99</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">100</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">101</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">102</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">103</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">104</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">105</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">106</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">107</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">108</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">109</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">110</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">111</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">112</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">113</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">114</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">115</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">116</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">117</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">118</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">119</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">120</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">121</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">122</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">123</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">124</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">125</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">126</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">127</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">128</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">129</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">130</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">131</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">132</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">133</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">134</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">135</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">136</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">137</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">138</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">139</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">140</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">141</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">142</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">143</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">144</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">145</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">146</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">147</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">148</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">149</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">150</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">151</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">152</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">153</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">154</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">155</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">156</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">157</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">158</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">159</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">160</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">161</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">162</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">163</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">164</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">165</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">166</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">167</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">168</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">169</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">170</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">171</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">172</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">173</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">174</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">175</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">176</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">177</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">178</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">179</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">180</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">181</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">182</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">183</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">184</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">185</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">186</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">187</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">188</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">189</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">190</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">191</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">192</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">193</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">194</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">195</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">196</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">197</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">198</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">199</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">200</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">201</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">202</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">203</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">204</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">205</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">206</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">207</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">208</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">209</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">210</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">211</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">212</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">213</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">214</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">215</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">216</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">217</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">218</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">219</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">220</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">221</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">222</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">223</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">224</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">225</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">226</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">227</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">228</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">229</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">230</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">231</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">232</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">233</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">234</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">235</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">236</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">237</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">238</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">239</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">240</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">241</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">242</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">243</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">244</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">245</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; 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从上述可以看出，TreeSet的构造函数都是通过新建一个TreeMap作为实际存储Set元素的容器。因此得出结论: TreeSet的底层实际使用的存储容器就是TreeMap。
对于TreeMap而言，它采用一种被称为”红黑树”的排序二叉树来保存Map中每个Entry。每个Entry被当成”红黑数”的一个节点来对待。
对于如下代码:
<code class="hljs vhdl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">TreeMap<<span class="hljs-typename" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">String</span>,Double> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">map</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> TreeMap<<span class="hljs-typename" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">String</span>,Double>(); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">map</span>.put(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"ccc"</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">89.0</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">map</span>.put(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"aaa"</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">80.0</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">map</span>.put(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"bbb"</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">89.0</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">map</span>.put(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"bbb"</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">89.0</span>);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
如上代码所示，程序向TreeMap放入四个值。根据”红黑数”的定义，程序会把”ccc,89.0”这个Entry做为该”红黑数”的根节点，然后执行put(“aaa”,”80.0”)时会将其作为新的节点添加到已存在的红黑树中。也就是说，以后每次向TreeMap中放入一个key-value对，系统都需要将Entry当成一个新的节点，添加到存在的”红黑数”中，通过这种方式就可以保证TreeMap中所有的key都是按一定顺序地排列的。
我们简单总结一下HashMap，HashSet与TreeMap，TreeSet两类集合。
- HashMap，HashSet的存储集合元素的方式为不同的东西放在不同的位置，需要时就可以快速的找到它们。
- TreeMap,TreeSet的存储方式为根据一个排序规则来为所有的元素排序，然后该集合存储的就是排序好的元素。
由于TreeMap底层采用一颗”红黑数”来保存集合中的Entry。所以TreeMap添加元素，取出元素的性能都比HashMap低。当TreeMap添加元素时，需要通过循环找到新增的Entry的插入位置，因为比较耗性能。当取出元素时，也需要通过循环才能找到合适的Entry一样比较耗性能。但并不是说TreeMap性能低于HashMap就一无是处，TreeMap中的所有Entry总是按key根据指定的排序规则保持有序状态。
备注:红黑数是一种自平衡二叉查找树 , 它们当中每一个节点的比较值都必须大于或等于在它的左子树中的所有节点，并且小于或等于在它的右子树中的所有节点。这确保红黑树运作时能够快速的在树中查找给定的值。
现在我们来观察TreeMap的put(K key,V value)方法，该方法将Entry放入TreeMap的Entry链，并维护该Entry链的有序状态。下面列出源码:
<code class="hljs php has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> V put(K key, V value) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//定义一个t来保存根元素</span> Entry<K,V> t = root; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//如果t==null，表明是一个空链表</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (t == <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//如果根节点为null，将传入的键值对构造成根节点（根节点没有父节点，所以传入的父节点为null）</span> root = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Entry<K,V>(key, value, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//设置该集合的size为1</span> size = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//修改此时+1</span> modCount++; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>; } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 记录比较结果</span> int cmp; Entry<K,V> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">parent</span>; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 分割比较器和可比较接口的处理</span> Comparator<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"><?</span> super K> cpr = comparator; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 有比较器的处理，即采用定制排序</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (cpr != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// do while实现在root为根节点移动寻找传入键值对需要插入的位置</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">do</span> { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//使用parent上次循环后的t所引用的Entry</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 记录将要被掺入新的键值对将要节点(即新节点的父节点)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">parent</span> = t; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 使用比较器比较父节点和插入键值对的key值的大小</span> cmp = cpr.compare(key, t.key); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 插入的key较大</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (cmp < <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>) t = t.left; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 插入的key较小</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (cmp > <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>) t = t.right; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// key值相等，替换并返回t节点的value(put方法结束)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> t.setValue(value); } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (t != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 没有比较器的处理</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// key为null抛出NullPointerException异常</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (key == <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> NullPointerException(); Comparable<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"><?</span> super K> k = (Comparable<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;"><?</span> super K>) key; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 与if中的do while类似，只是比较的方式不同</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">do</span> { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">parent</span> = t; cmp = k.compareTo(t.key); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (cmp < <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>) t = t.left; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (cmp > <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>) t = t.right; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> t.setValue(value); } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (t != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 没有找到key相同的节点才会有下面的操作</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 根据传入的键值对和找到的“父节点”创建新节点</span> Entry<K,V> e = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Entry<K,V>(key, value, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">parent</span>); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 根据最后一次的判断结果确认新节点是“父节点”的左孩子还是又孩子</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (cmp < <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">parent</span>.left = e; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">parent</span>.right = e; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 对加入新节点的树进行调整</span> fixAfterInsertion(e); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 记录size和modCount</span> size++; modCount++; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 因为是插入新节点，所以返回的是null</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>; } </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">69</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">70</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">71</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">72</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">73</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">58</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">59</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">60</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">61</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">62</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">63</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">64</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">65</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">66</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">67</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">68</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">69</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">70</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">71</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">72</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">73</li></ul>
上面程序中的两个do…while就是实现”排序二叉树”的关键算法。每当程序希望添加新节点时，总是从树的根节点开始比较，即将根节点当成当前节点。
如果新增节点大于当前节点且当前节点的右子节点存在，则以右子节点作为当前节点。并继续循环
如果新增节点小于当前节点且当前节点的左子节点存在，则以左子节点作为当前节点。并继续循环
如果新增节点等于当前节点，则新增节点覆盖当前节点，并结束循环。
当TreeMap根据key来取出value时，TreeMap对应的方法如下:
<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> V <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">get</span>(Object key) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//根据key取出Entry</span> Entry<K,V> p = getEntry(key); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//取出Entry所包含的value</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> (p==<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span> ? <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span> : p.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">value</span>); }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
现在我们可以知道，其实get(Object key)方法实质上是由getEntry()方法实现的。现在我们来看getEntry(Object key)的源码:
<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 如果有比较器，返回getEntryUsingComparator(Object key)的结果</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (comparator != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> getEntryUsingComparator(key); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 查找的key为null，抛出NullPointerException</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (key == <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> NullPointerException(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 如果没有比较器，而是实现了可比较接口</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//将key强制转换为Comparable接口</span> Comparable<? <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span> K> k = (Comparable<? <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span> K>) key; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 获取根节点</span> Entry<K,V> p = root; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 从根节点开始对树进行遍历查找节点</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (p != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 把key和当前节点的key进行比较</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> cmp = k.compareTo(p.key); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// key小于当前节点的key</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (cmp < <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>) <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// p “移动”到左节点上</span> p = p.left; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// key大于当前节点的key</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (cmp > <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>) <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// p “移动”到右节点上</span> p = p.right; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// key值相等则当前节点就是要找的节点</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回找到的节点</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> p; } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 没找到则返回null</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>; } </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li></ul>
getEntry(Object obj)方法也是充分利用排序二叉树的特性来搜索目标Entry。程序依然从二叉数的根节点开始，如果被搜索节点大于当前节点，程序向”右子树”搜索，如果小于，则向”左子树”搜索。如果相等则说明找到了指定节点。
我们观察到当该TreeMap采用了定制排序。在采用定制排序的方式下，TreeMap采用getEntryUsingComparator(key)方法来根据key获取Entry。
<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> Entry<K,V> getEntryUsingComparator(Object key) { K k = (K) key; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 获取比较器</span> Comparator<? <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span> K> cpr = comparator; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 其实在调用此方法的get(Object key)中已经对比较器为null的情况进行判断，这里是防御性的判断</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (cpr != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 获取根节点</span> Entry<K,V> p = root; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 遍历树</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (p != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 获取key和当前节点的key的比较结果</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> cmp = cpr.compare(k, p.key); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 查找的key值较小</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (cmp < <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>) <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// p“移动”到左孩子</span> p = p.left; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 查找的key值较大</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (cmp > <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>) <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// p“移动”到右节点</span> p = p.right; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// key值相等</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回找到的节点</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> p; } } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 没找到key值对应的节点，返回null</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>; } </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li></ul>
其实getEntry()和getEntryUsingComparator()这两个方法实现思路几乎完全类似。只是前者对自然排序的TreeMap获取有效，后者对定制排序的TreeMap有效。
通过上述源码其实不难看出，TreeMap这个工具类的实现其实很简单。或者说，从本质上来说TreeMap就是一棵”红黑树”，每个Entry就是一个节点。
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